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Chapter 441 Low pressure steam engine

I strive to do everything I can, and I hope you think the same as I expected.

But if you think differently, I don’t care. I just look at your actual actions. Those who can use it, but those who cannot use it will abandon it. I have many capable officials and loyal ministers.

The emperor reversed the decline of the Ming Empire, allowing more capable officials to stand out.

Whether it is a civil servant, a military general, or even an unknown person in history, it also shines brightly. However, some famous officials and generals in history seem a little disappointed because they lack opportunities.

For example, Lu Xiangsheng is still the director of the Public Security Bureau of the Capital. The reason is very simple. There is no battlefield of war and less achievements.

But the emperor would rather let famous generals hide the dust than want the Ming Dynasty to become what it was in history.

Of course, Lu Xiangsheng did not know the changes in his life trajectory. Similarly, he did not want foreign enemies to rage, and the people struggled between water and fire to show his achievements.

And Sun Chuanting, who was cared for by the emperor since the beginning, inspected and promoted all the way until Sun Chuanting, the governor of the three sides, was preparing to recover the first spring next year, and use military achievements to prove himself and prove the emperor's skill in knowing people.

Compared with his generous rewards to his ministers, merchants and landlords were also rewarded by the emperor.

There are many people every year, ranging from a few to dozens of people, all of which have made contributions to the country and the people. This year the emperor even gave the plaque "Fu Ren" to contrast with what he hated for being rich or not.

All provinces and states have established or improved social welfare systems. Orphans have Shaoying homes and widowed and widowed and elderly people have nursing homes. The court and society jointly contribute to make it possible for little to support and for elderly people to rely on.

Although there is still a big gap from the realization of the goal, the formation of the system is a big step forward.

This year, there are relatively many civil servants awarded, most of whom are generous in social welfare and have no bad signs.

The seventh-rank clothing is given a plaque to pass on the family, but he does not worship him when he sees an official, and has the right to write a letter to the heavenly hearing... The title given by the emperor is replacing the original social status of the gentry.

What the emperor values ​​most is to give the title of civil servants the right to write letters. He can participate in politics and make contributions to the people, and supervise officials...

Are you very familiar? Yes, it is similar to the people's representatives in later generations. The emperor hopes that these civil servants can become a channel for him to grasp the people's sentiments and a means to intimidate local officials.

"Long live, long live, long live!"

From time to time, there are gongs and drums everywhere, and the people who are excited to thank the people. The Ming Tribune newspaper has continuously published the deeds of the people, praising the virtue of being kind and kind.

However, the emperor did not read the reports from various places and the thank-you books of the civil servants. Under strict protection, the emperor came outside the city to watch the experiments of the improved steam engine of the Academy of Sciences.

Through drawings and introductions, the emperor has already known the working principle and is aware of the shortcomings.

This type of steam engine should be called an atmospheric steam engine. The principle is to introduce steam into the cylinder and close the valve, then enter it into the cylinder to spread mesh water, so that the steam condenses and forms a vacuum, so that the piston is pushed under the air pressure on the other side.

"Very good, thank you all." The emperor watched the operation of this inefficient steam engine, but he was very proud of it.

This has surpassed history for more than a hundred years and can be applied to practice.

Moreover, over the past few years, under the emperor's continuous suggestions, the ability to apply vacuum and atmospheric pressure to mechanical operation is a huge progress in the Academy of Sciences.

As the vice president of the Academy of Sciences, Song Yingxing bowed and said humbly: "Long live back, this steam engine is not efficient, but it is quite coal-intensive, which is suitable for coal mines."

The emperor smiled and glanced at him, his eyes swept over his acquaintances such as Wang Jizhong and Xu Fuyuan. His identities had long been revealed, and he had lost his equal friends who could speak freely.

Looking at the respectful expressions of Wang Jizhong and others, the emperor sighed for a moment and slowly spoke: "I think the reason for the low efficiency is that when the steam enters the cylinder, it condenses on the cylinder walls cooled by water, and loses a lot of heat."

Everyone below looked thoughtful when they heard this, and some seemed to think of something, and a light flashed in their eyes.

The emperor smiled and said, "You can try to separate the cylinder wall from the condenser, and install a heat insulation layer outside the cylinder wall..."

It’s simple, it took sixty years to make progress in history. Although ideas are important, the technology and manufacturing level are also constraints.

For example, a valve was a very difficult part at that time; as well as a pressure gauge and a speed controller, they were all required by mature steam engines.

Moreover, the more the steam engine needs to be improved and developed, the more efficient it needs to be improved, the greater the danger.

The emperor hesitated for a moment and said in a deep voice: "The current steam engine is relatively safe because of its low pressure..."

Early vacuum steam engines were limited in efficiency, but they were safer because they had lower pressure and the machine contracted inward rather than exploded outward in case of damage.

Using high temperature and high pressure steam can bring huge improvements to the efficiency of the steam engine, but it is much more dangerous than vacuum steam engines.

Even in later generations, the explosion of boilers and machines caused many major accidents.

An important part to reduce accidents is the safety valve. The safety valve can deflate the air and reduce the pressure when the pressure is too high.

But it is impossible to truly eliminate accidents. We can only rely on construction, operation and maintenance experience and safety rules to ensure safety.

"Do not rush it step by step." The emperor solemnly instructed: "First improve the low-pressure steam engine, and then start the development of the high-pressure steam engine. It is not too late for a few years, more than ten years, or decades."

Not to mention decades, the history of the emergence of steam engines in China will take hundreds of years later.

The emperor was anxious, but he could not say it and could not put too much pressure on his ministers. It was not surprising that he would do something impatient and reckless in order to make him happy.

Moreover, being able to develop low-pressure steam engines for practical work has been a huge advance in Daming's science and technology, leading by decades.

It is used for mine drainage, forging, and for workshops. Although the atmospheric steam engine is relatively low in efficiency, it is constantly improved and has been used for more than a hundred years.

In other words, low efficiency is relatively high compared to high-pressure steam engines.

High-pressure steam engines should be considered comprehensive manufacturing, steel smelting, precision processing, and mechanical technology, all need to meet the requirements.

In this way, planetary gears, parallel motion connecting rod mechanisms, centrifugal speed regulators, safety valves, etc. can be manufactured.

The reason why the emperor was able to calm down was the improvement of the situation in all aspects of the Ming Dynasty, or it was a huge progress.
Chapter completed!
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