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Yushan School

The Yushan School is named after a small-known Pishan in Changshu area. There is a river below Yushan called Qinchuan. The Qinshe organized by Yan Cheng used the name "Qinchuan Club", so it is also called Qinchuan School. There are many Qin people in Changshu and were influenced by the Xumen. Xu Hezhong's father Xu Mengji, named Xiaoshan, once taught in Changshu. Later, there was a famous piano player Chen Aitong, who Yan Cheng learned the piano from his son Chen Xingyuan. It is said that Yan Cheng also learned the piano from an unknown woodcutter. After learning the qin, Yan Cheng named the woodcutter Xu Yixian. Yan Cheng inherited the local qin studies and absorbed the advantages of the famous masters from the capital. In his own words, "The strength of Shen, the legacy of Qinchuan, and the legacy of Qinchuan, and the legacy of Shen." Combining the strengths of various schools, the Yushan School formed the popular Yushan School. Later generations summarized the characteristics of the Yushan School as the "Qing, Mild, Light, and Distant" qin style. The Yushan School is also known as the Faith School, and is the most influential qin school during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

"Songxianguan Piano Score" is a representative piano score of the Yushan School. It was compiled by local experts Zhao Yingliang and others under the leadership of Yan Cheng. The twenty-two songs collected were all piano music played by Yan Cheng himself, including "Spring Day in the Cave Heaven" and "Autumn Moon in the River Mountain" written by Chen Yin. From the early edition in 1614 to 1656, the songs have been reprinted many times, and the songs have been successively increased to twenty-nine. This "Songxianguan Piano Score" was once regarded as authentic by the piano industry. It was advocated by Yan Cheng. " Qing, mild, light, and far away. It is also regarded as the most ideal style of piano music. In fact, this is just the beauty of the scholar-official class at that time, and it has very limited performance in piano music. For example, Chen Aitong is good at "The Crying of the Night", "The Pheasant Flying of the Morning", "Xiaoxiang Water Clouds", etc., because its rhythm is rapid and does not meet the taste of Yan Cheng, it was rejected for the "Songxianguan Piano Score". Later, when Xu Qingshan compiled the piano music, he corrected this bias.

Yan Cheng wrote an article "Preface to the Qinchuan Tutu", which can be regarded as the program of the Yushan Qin School. It advocates the expressiveness of music itself without the need to rely on lyrics; it believes that music expresses emotions with its uniqueness, which is beyond the reach of lyrics. "The way of sound is subtle and perfect, based on text but not in text, and sound is solid in text." The article criticized the once popular qin songs at that time. It was believed that it violated the tradition of qin songs. Because Yan Cheng's loud voice and timely criticisms, "the qin tracks were greatly boosted", which changed this situation and the Yushan School was respected by people.

Xu Qingshan's piano learning and Yan Cheng also come from Chen Aitong. He once learned "Guan Sui" and "Yangchun" from Aitong's son Chen Kenyuan, and also learned "Phizar Flying in the morning" and "Xiaoxiang Water Clouds" from Aitong's disciple Zhang Weichuan. Xu Qingshan and Yan Cheng were both friends and brothers of piano, but their playing styles were different. Xu Qingshan did not oppose fast repertoire, thus enriching and developing the style of the Yushan School. Hu Xunlong, in the early Qing Dynasty, summarized their contribution to the Yushan School's piano learning in the preface to "Chengyitang Piano Note": "Mr. Yan Tianchi became popular in Yu The mountain was created as an ancient tune, and once washed away the accumulated habits, collected the ancient and modern names and decoded them. Its ancient and elegant sounds were removed, and the delicate and complex sounds were removed. Its qin learning is the most recent ancient times, and it is said that the "familiar" is what is said in the world today. Qingshan followed the martial arts and was slightly adaptable. Those who tuned it with slowness must have a disease, just like the yin and yang of the heaven and earth, and the cold and heat of the four seasons. Due to the gains and losses, they entered the songs such as "Phizar Flying in the Morning", "The Crying in the Night", and "Xiaoxiang Water Clouds", so the slow and fastness are prepared, and both are suitable for the present and ancient times. Tianchi was written in front, and Qingshan was standing in the back. These two dukes can be said to be able to gather great success and distinguish their elites."

The more than thirty songs passed by Xu Qingshan were compiled and printed by his disciple Xia Pu in the 12th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1673 AD) into the "Dahuange Piano Note", which is the original "Qingshan Piano Note". He also wrote "Xishan Piano Note" in a total of twenty-four articles, which systematically and thoroughly discussed the performance requirements, and was an aesthetic theoretical work on the piano. This work is considered to develop the theory of Cui Zundu, a Song Dynasty scholar, "clear and quiet, harmonious and distant".
Chapter completed!