Chapter 656 Napoleon vs Qi Jiguang

After Zhang Zhun left Dongjiabao, he immediately went to the Central Military Camp under the escort of the sniper team. Dongjiabao will not be in danger for the time being. From now on, his main activity area should be in the Central Military Camp. There, he has very important things to do.

It is about ten miles from Dongjiabao to the Central Military Camp, and there are flat fields along the way without any obstacles. Zhang Zhun is only escorted by fifty snipers. If it is suddenly surrounded by a large number of Tartar cavalry at this time, it will be very dangerous. Therefore, Dugu Lie, Huang Xian, Lu Yidian, Liu Mang, Brother Wei and others who accompanied him were very alert, and the muzzles were almost flat. If they found something wrong, they would shoot immediately.

After a large number of snipers were assigned to serve as officers, the five of them were the backbone of the sniper team. Faced with the Tartar cavalry that could appear at any time, they did not dare to relax for a moment. Even Liu Mang, who was usually the most careless, could see clearly sweat beads on his forehead at this time.

You can hear the sound of the Hu Ben gun sporadically. It should be that the Hu Ben cavalry and the Tartar cavalry were fighting nearby. Zhang Zhun looked around and found no Tatars. He did not encounter Tartars along the way. It seemed that the soldiers of the Tiger Cavalry Camp and the Leopard Cavalry Camp were quite powerful and were gradually clearing the Tartar cavalry out of the surroundings of Dongjiabao.

After half a cup of tea, Zhang Zhun arrived at the Central Military Camp safely, and the snipers were relieved. There were also a large number of corpses of the enemy left behind. They were not Tartars, but Mongolians. In yesterday's battle, the main ones who attacked the Central Camp were the Mongols.

"Governor!"

"Governor!"

After receiving a report from Lu Yidian, Yang Zhiyuan, Zou Mingjia and others came out to greet him.

"Hello everyone!"

Zhang Zhun nodded, got off the horse's back, and entered the Central Military Camp.

Compared with the tragic tragedy of Dongjiabao, the Central Military Camp looked pretty good. At least, the casualties here were far less than those on Dongjiabao. After the entire battle, the casualties in the Central Military Camp were less than 100. As a reserve team, the Chuangzizhan did not even have the chance to take action, and the enemy hurriedly retreated.

When they entered the conference hall, Zhang Zhun sat down, and Yang Zhiyuan reported the basic situation. The main attacks on the Central Military Barracks were Mongolian infantry, with about 5,000 people, and there were 5,000 Mongolian cavalry fighting in concert. Their attacks were once very fierce, causing certain casualties to the Hu Ben Army. But later, they realized that something was wrong and began to work hard. When the Niuke sounded, they all retreated.

In general, neither side did their best. The Mongols did not let go of their attacks, and the Hu Ben Army did not have the opportunity to fight back. This is conceivable. The Mongols' resentment towards Zhang Zhun is not as deep as the Tartars. Among the three major tribes, except for the Korqin tribe, other tribes would not fight Zhang Zhun for the sake of Huang Taiji.

"The one who attacked us was the people of the Halashen tribe, and the head man was called Hadandbatel."

Jerry Yang reported cautiously.

"Hadanbatel?"

"It seems like an interesting person."

Zhang Zhun said meaningfully to himself.

According to the information provided by the Wenxiang Sect Network, among the three Mongolian tribes, the Halashen tribe, the Tumote tribe, and the Great Jin Kingdom, have not been completed. The leaders of the two tribes are limited to limited cooperation with Huang Taiji. Perhaps the Hu Ben Army can put some effort into these two people. However, now is not the time to talk about the Mongols, and Zhang Zhun has more important things.

"Yang Zhiyuan, Zou Mingjia, you two come here, I want to discuss something with you two."

Zhang Zhun said solemnly.

"good!"

Jerry Yang and Zou Ming hurriedly agreed.

The three of them came to the side hall next to them and shut all the unrelated personnel back before sitting down. Zhang Zhun's seriousness made Yang Zhiyuan and Zou Mingjia a little nervous, not knowing what big thing happened. In fact, what Zhang Zhun wanted to discuss with Yang Zhiyuan and Zou Mingjia was the matter of forming a field corps.

Originally, this corps should have been formed by Zhang Zhun himself. Others may not have such knowledge and ability except him. However, he has too much work. Nowadays, the Northern Zhili, the Tartars, the imperial court, and the Hu Ben Army are entangled with each other. In addition to military struggles and political strategies, it is also very important. Zhang Zhun has to deal with all aspects of things and cannot have time to be responsible for specific work. Therefore, the establishment of the field corps can only be led by Yang Zhiyuan under his advice and guidance, with Zou Mingjia being assisted.

"Sir, let me tell you, I'll record it."

Yang Zhiyuan understood that the matter was of great importance and said with a solemn expression.

His original cultural level was a whiteboard, and he could not even write his own name. Over the past two years, through his own efforts, he has basically mastered the commonly used Chinese characters. As long as it is not too rare, he basically recognizes them. Of course, the brush calligraphy he wrote should not be too demanding. Anyway, Zhang Zhun's brush calligraphy is also bad like that, and no one will feel inferior.

After all, Zou Mingjia is smarter and has a better grasp of cultural knowledge than Yang Zhiyuan. His calligraphy is not very ugly. However, his temperament is more prone to being impatient when encountering things, and he is not as calm as Yang Zhiyuan in doing things. He can only help with such major events, but not mainly responsible.

"The name of this legion is called the Azure Dragon Legion."

Zhang Zhun said slowly.

The Qinglong, White Tiger, Vermilion Bird and Black Tortoise are all legendary divine beasts. Using the Qinglong as the name of the legion is quite the most famous in the world. Of course, if it is to the literati of the court, such a name is really too vulgar. But there is no way. If it is not vulgar, the soldiers of the Tiger Ben Army may not be able to remember it at all.

As the field corps of the Hu Ben Army, Zhang Zhun had two ideas for the establishment of the Qinglong Army. The first was to copy the Napoleon Army that was almost two hundred years later. The second was to copy the glorious Qi family army eighty years ago. As for which one was used, Zhang Zhun had no decision. Copying the Napoleon Army can connect with the international community as soon as possible, which is conducive to the establishment of a modern military system as soon as possible. Copying the Qi family army is in line with China's national conditions and is conducive to the acceptance of the people and soldiers.

"Let's discuss the Napoleon Legion first."

"I'll explain to you the concept of vertical formation first."

Zhang Zhun said one by one.

Both Yang Zhiyuan and Zou Mingjia listened carefully and recorded it from time to time.

The so-called "vertical formation" has not actually appeared in the history of China's war. There were various combat formations in ancient China, but there was no so-called vertical formation. In fact, vertical formations are a combination of columns and square formations. During the French Revolution, France adopted "vertical formations" as a standard combat formation, which made such formations gradually known to the world.

The second item is that the attack vertical formation is more often used as a subsequent support force. Usually, the vertical formation first sends severance troops to start the battle, and then serves as a replacement base for serfs and a direct tactical reserve. If the serfs attack encounters stubborn resistance from the enemy, the vertical formation will be launched into a horizontal formation and continue to fight with a volley. Once the enemy formation begins to shake, the horizontal formation will advance, or the width of the lever is reduced again and transform into a column to advance.

Napoleon I adopted a formation of scattered soldiers and columns to perfect the column tactics. During the battle, the troops were concentrated at a decisive time and at the location, and they were mobilized in time, and attacked in a split second and combined manner. First, they attacked the opponent with artillery fire, and then suddenly launched an attack on the selected main area, and continuously enhanced the assault power from the depth. Once the attack was successful, the cavalry quickly expanded the results and devoted themselves to the reserve team in time to eliminate the opponent.

If we want to copy the organization of the Napoleon Legion and the Qinglong Legion, we will have to make great changes. The original organization of battalion, association, team, corps, and corps will have to become organization of squad, platoon, battalion, regiment, division, and army. This change may be difficult for soldiers to accept. Because these organization are all new terms, and in China, no one else has a clear concept except Zhang Zhun.

In the Napoleonic era, the European army used battalions as the basic tactical unit. Each battalion had six to eighth company, about 500 to 1,000 people; the second to third battalions were the first regiment; the second regiment was the first brigade; the second brigade was the first division. The division was a strategic unit, containing the synthetic nature of various types of troops, and was equipped with the eighth to tenth battalions of infantry (the number of people was 5,000 to 9,500), and the second artillery company (twelve artillery pieces).

By 1800, Napoleon had the legion as a strategic unit, including the Second to Third Infantry Division, the First Light Cavalry Division (Third to Fourth Regiment), and the Thirty-sixth to Forty Gate of Artillery. When a regiment was organized into the Third Battalion, the First and Second Battalions were the basic battalions and the Third Battalion was the reserve battalion. If the Third Battalion quickly participated in the war, each battalion would draw a temporary group of the Fourth Battalion as the reserve battalion.

The main force of Napoleon's army was of course infantry. Infants were customary to be divided into light and heavy infantry. In each country, due to the different height, physical strength and temperament of personnel, light infantry was distinguished from heavy infantry. This distinction was necessary and slightly different in basic tasks. Heavy infantry was used to carry out large-scale resolute attacks and intensive formations. Light infantry was suitable for scattered warfare, maneuvering, serving as a warning and avant-garde.

The main weapons of infantry are bore guns and some rifles. They are mainly flintlock guns, which were later improved to firing guns. The hit accuracy is poor, the loading is difficult, and it is slow, which affects the shooting speed and shoots about five rounds per minute. The effective range of the individual soldiers is 100 meters, which is effective for group targets within 200 meters, and it is not easy to hit when it is 350 meters away. Infantry has generally used bayonets.

Because infantry loaded ammunition slowly and could not move forward quickly, they often used "goose steps". The so-called goose steps mean walking for a while and stopping for a while, like a goose. Once, when Napoleon was watching the flintlock rifle in the German infantry battalion, he said with emotion: "This is indeed the most unlucky weapon that can be sent to the army."

Of course, in the equipment of the Hu Ben Army, the front-mounted rifled rifle is used, which is much more powerful than the smoothbore rifle, is much more accurate, and is also guaranteed to have reliability. The two major disadvantages of the Hu Ben Gun are: one is the slow loading speed, and the other is the inability to shoot down. However, under the conditions at that time, these two shortcomings were not a problem. Therefore, to be precise, basically every soldier in the Hu Ben Army can be called a scattered soldier.

Cavalry was also the main force of Napoleon's army. Cavalry also had a difference between heavy cavalry and light cavalry. Throughout the Middle Ages, cavalry was the main group of troops in all armies. During the "Thirty Years' War" (1618-1648), two-fifths to one-half of the people in the army were cavalry. In the mid-18th century, cavalry still occupied an important position during the "Seven Years' War" (1756-1763) and "Napoleon War" periods, cavalry still occupied an important position.

There are many types of cavalry in Napoleon's army and the classification is very complex. The main ones are heavy cavalry, dragoons, lancers, lancers, hussars, hussars, hunting cavalry, etc.

Heavy cavalry mainly refers to the chest sergeant. The rider has breastplate, which is very heavy. The French breastplate weighs 22 pounds. The heavy cavalry was formerly heavy knights from Egypt, Persia, Greece, and Rome, and medieval cavalry. The heavy cavalry was clumsy in actual combat, had poor combat power, and the breastplate could not withstand the bullets shot from close range (100 to 150 meters), so the European army was abandoned for a while. Later, Minapoleon was obsessed with the traditional majesty of the imperial system and restored the chest sergeant cavalry in France. Soon, the armies of other European countries also followed suit.

Dragoon is a cavalry that is both used for infantry and cavalry, between light and heavy. Some countries incorporate heavy cavalry, while others incorporate light cavalry. Because their military flags are painted with dragon-shaped patterns (some documents say that the dragoon is named after the dragon-like rifle they equipped), it is called Dragoon. Light dragoons can also fight on foot.

Lancers used spears, sabers, and later equipped with pistols and carriages; some were equipped with armor and incorporated into heavy cavalry. Carriages were equipped with the best weapons, equipped with carriages, and were elite cavalry. Hussars were light and agile, and first appeared in Hungary and Poland, composed of nobles, and later spread to European armies. Cavalry hunters appeared in the second half of the 18th century, and were composed of forest guards, hunters, and mountain people. They were good at fighting in a dispersed formation, and served as alert, reconnaissance, pursuit, etc.

The basic combat unit of cavalry is a company, usually with 140 horses. The third to fourth companies are a cavalry regiment, with cavalry divisions and cavalry corps above the regiment, and the number of regiments under its jurisdiction is not very fixed. Napoleon also incorporated a certain number of light cavalry in the infantry division.

Artillery in the Napoleon era had a leap forward and officially became a military service.

France attaches great importance to the study of artillery theory. When Joan Baptiste Gliboffer, known as the "father of artillery", was appointed as the French artillery director in 1776, he reformed the artillery and developed a relatively complete artillery system, including specially trained artillery troops and schools, special artillery weapons for field battles, sieges, coastal defense and fortress defense; and improved the artillery frames, gun structures and organization, adopting standard systems, gun frame parts can be used interchangeably, heavy artillery can be decomposed, and various artillery tools only require seven wheels and three axles.

Therefore, light guns (four and six-pound nuclear guns and six-inch pursuit guns) are generally equipped with the army. Fortress guns use cyclonic wheels, which can slide on semicircular tracks, adjust the direction, and start to calculate the size of the gun by the caliber of the gun rather than by the weight of the projectile. On this basis, Napoleon improved and developed French artillery to further standardize, light and flexible, enhance mobility, and make the organization more reasonable. Napoleon made artillery an independent army for the first time.

The ratio of the number of troops and the number of guns owned by different countries was different. Napoleon believed that two guns per thousand people were enough, and this ratio later became a common practice. In addition, each gun carried about 200 rounds, about a quarter of which were shotguns. The hiking artillery company was generally equipped with eight guns and six cavalry cannon companies.

"Can you understand?"

Zhang Zhun looked at Yang Zhiyuan and Zou Mingjia's face.

“A little difficult.”

Jerry Yang said steadily.

Zou Mingjia hesitated for a while, then slowly shook his head.

The two native Ming people, who were born and raised, didn't know who Napoleon was. It was indeed a bit reluctant for Zhang Zhun to ask him to understand Napoleon's tactics. This is also the reason why Zhang Zhun talked to them alone. Zhang Zhun didn't want too many people to ask about Napoleon everywhere who was sacred.

"Then... let's talk about the Qi family army."

Zhang Zhun said with interest.

Since Napoleon could not understand, he had to focus on Qi Jiguang.

As a latecomer, Zhang Zhun had a habit of not knowing whether it was an advantage or a disadvantage, that is, he accepted a lot of Western military theories and was a little unfamiliar with the things of his ancestors. This cannot be said to be his fault, but it was determined by the environment he was in. The knowledge he received was taught by his superiors. Zhang Zhun was really familiar with the Qi family army.

However, if he is not familiar with it, it does not mean that he does not have any familiar people. In fact, no one around him is familiar with the organization of the Qi family army. It should be noted that in the history of the Ming Dynasty, the name Qi family army can definitely be recorded in history. In fact, it has indeed been recorded in history.

In the middle of Wanli, Qi Jiguang died of illness, forty or fifty years have passed since now. However, when talking about Qi Jiguang's name, all military households, whether poor or given, must be the lowest-level military households or the senior officials of the garrison, cannot help but admire Qi Shaobao's existence from the bottom. Even Zhang Juzheng's political enemies are no exception.

After Qi Jiguang died, his army still created a lot of glory. The foundation of Li Chengliang's army was actually the Qi family army. Zhejiang soldiers were the endorsements of strong combat power at that time. Even in the battle with the Tartars, the Zhejiang soldiers never lost face. This was very rare. However, as Qi Jiguang left, the status of Zhejiang soldiers was declining, the strength of the troops was shrinking, and eventually disappeared completely.

Qi Jiguang's grassroots tactical units are "cars" or "teams", the chariot and the logistics battalion are "cars", and the horse camp and the prison camp are "teams". The horse camp and the prison camp are the main combat troops on the front line, all the officers and soldiers of the battalion are armed, and the chariot and the logistics battalion are auxiliary support troops. Only the officials and officials above the chariot have armor, but the chariot and soldiers do not.

When attacking Japanese pirates on the southeast coast, the Qi family army did not have firearms, because the quality of the firearms at that time was too poor, and the enemy often failed to hit them but injured their own people. However, after stationing in northern Xinjiang, Qi Jiguang began to pay attention to firearms. He spent a lot of effort to greatly improve the quality of the firearms through Zhang Juzheng, Tan Lun and others, ensuring that the firearms can truly play a role in the battlefield.

[Author's note: The Qi family army became famous to pacify the Japanese pirates on the southeast coast. In fact, Qi Jiguang's greatest contribution to the Ming Dynasty was to guard the northern border for twenty years, so that the enemies in the northern border would not dare to move. For the Ming Dynasty, Japanese pirates were just a mustard disease and could be ignored. Unfortunately, most people in later generations knew that Qi Jiguang killed the Japanese pirates, but they did not know his contribution to guarding the northern border. Alas, I sighed.]

In the Ming Dynasty, Qi Jiguang's troops should have the highest proportion of firearms, and they used lower hand guns, such as bird guns, rather than later three-eyed guns. The only difference was that the power and number of heavy artillery were significantly insufficient. At that time, there were no large-scale lethal weapons such as red-clothed cannons, and even the number of Folang machine cannons was small.

According to Zhang Zhun's research, the ratio of campfires for Qi's military vehicles was 43.60%, the ratio of campfires was 42.57%, the ratio of campfires was 48.02%, and the ratio of baggage campfires was 58.70%, among which the ratio of baggage campfires was the highest. The number and proportion of firearms in the military training in Jizhou were the highest in the world during the same period. The Spanish large array was popular in Europe during the same period, and the scale of a single large array was equivalent to the "battalion" of the Ming Dynasty. The proportion of firearms provided by a single large Spanish large array was 22.38% (excluding artillery).

The Japanese Warring States Daming used "preparation" as the basic tactical unit, and it was also equivalent to the "battalion" of the Ming Dynasty. The "preparation" (except for the Million-Shi Daming's original formation) firearm ratio of 20.98%. At this time, only Ottoman's new army (i.e. the Guards) firearm ratio was more than 30%. In Southeast Asia, Vietnam and even Malaysia and Indonesia were actually very high in the sultanate countries, and it was not inferior to Europe and Japan.

The personnel formation and weapon configuration of Qi Jiguang's "cars" and "teams" of the grassroots tactical units can be used to form camps or fight independently. Compared with other grassroots tactical units in countries around the world, they pay more attention to the mutual coordination of large military formations, and the function of independent combat is relatively weaker. This is the biggest difference between the Ming Dynasty and other countries in the army formation.

It can be said that the 100,000 soldiers of Qi Jiguang, the Jizhou area of ​​the Ming Empire, were the most advanced invincible lion with the most advanced marshal, the most well-trained, the most solid training, and the best treatment in the world at that time. It was the glory and pride of our nation. Later, the reason why the Ming army was able to defeat the Japanese army in Korea was that Qi Jiguang's foundation left by Qi Jiguang was indispensable.

In terms of specific battle formations, Qi Jiguang planned the Qi family army organization based on the tactical ideas of the "Yuanyang Formation" and referring to the battlefield environment and the hostile Japanese pirate combat methods, the mixed military department compiled by the editor constitutes a high-mobile strike force.

The first thing that is organized is the smallest combat unit "Wu". As in the literal way, "Wu" is composed of a sergeant commander and four soldiers, and is the most basic and smallest combat unit of the Qi family army. This point is somewhat subtle and different from the Hu Ben Army. The Hu Ben Army's sergeant is five soldiers, plus one sergeant commander, with a total of six people.

Two teams form a team, called a team, and a total of twelve people, including the captain and the fire soldiers in charge of the cooking, form a "team". This "team" is equivalent to a modern "team". The "team" is a complete main body of the mandarin duck array, and several different team formations are unfolded according to its formation changes.

This is also different from the Hu Ben Army. At this level, the Hu Ben Army adopts "groups". Two corpses form a gang, consisting of a gang leader, a fire-headed soldier, two corps commanders and ten soldiers, with a total of fourteen people.

The four teams of the Qi family army are called a brigade, with one sentry leader, with a total of 49 people as "sentences". This "sentence" is equivalent to a modern "platoon". The organization of the Hu Ben Army at this level is a small team. The Hu Ben Army's squad has a total of five groups, a total of 50 soldiers, plus their respective officers and fire-headed soldiers, a total of more than 70 people.

The "Shou" level is the largest basic combat unit of the Qi family army. In other words, the formal basic combat unit of the Qi family army is composed of "Friends", "Teams", and "Shou" without the later large-scale units such as "Journals" and "Departments". This kind of combat unit composed of small-scale computers has excellent mobility and is combined with mixed military science and technology, both offense and defense. Even the smallest combat unit "Friends", can still exercise independent combat tasks, and the flexibility and tactics of combat are quite widely used.

Qi Jiguang's training troops in the three towns was based on the experience of fighting against the Japanese in the south and then the characteristics of the battlefield environment in the north. Qi Jiguang improved the military and formulated military standards and specifications for the use of cold weapons and various types of firearms. In the army formation, he pioneered the chariots, horses, schoons, and battalions that were both offensive and defensive from various military departments and cold weapons, and evenly placed the firearms into the most basic tactical units "cars" and "teams", making the firearm popularity rate of grassroots tactical units the highest level in the world at that time.

We need to clarify a concept first. Qi Jiguang's various military departments and hot and cold weapons were scattered into the "cars" and "teams" at the grassroots level in a mixed manner, which was equivalent to the modern "squad" level. Although Europe, Altomann and Japan also had mixed hot and cold weapons, they were all concentrated in the same large unit, which was equivalent to the modern "company" level or "battalion" level.

In terms of tactical use, Qi Jiguang's battalions, from battalions to teams and even vehicles, can perform independent offensive and defense combat tasks, without relying on the support of other units, and have excellent tactical flexibility. However, grassroots companies from other countries around the world cannot exercise both merit and defense combat tasks alone until the battalion level, and need to rely on the support of other units to carry out tasks. Of course, tactics are limited.
To be continued...