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"It was not only in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, but actually it started since the Southern Song Dynasty."

At the same time, Mr. Lu added next to him: "It is said that the Wen family in Jiangnan is a descendant of Wen Tianxiang of the Southern Song Dynasty. His family education is very long, so he has achieved great success."

"Um."

Wang Guan nodded casually and did not refute it because it was the fact. However, he was a little dissatisfied. After all, Wen Tianxiang was a famous anti-Yuan hero, and after being defeated and captured, he refused to surrender and was brutally killed. For this reason, This made the literary school do nothing in the past century in the Yuan Dynasty.

It was not until the Ming Dynasty that after more than a hundred years of accumulation, it was not until the middle of the Ming Dynasty that it was not restored. Then Wen Zhengming, one of the four Wu families, emerged, and became a prominent family in the eyes of the world.

As for Wen Jia, he is a very influential celebrity regardless of history. Perhaps modern people don’t often hear his name, but they must know a poem he wrote - Tomorrow's Song. That’s right, it’s tomorrow and tomorrow, what’s the future Many songs of tomorrow. Wen Jia is the author of this poem, but everyone ate eggs but didn't pay attention to the hens that lay the eggs.

However, what is the situation of the Wen family and how famous is Wen Jia? Cai Peng doesn’t want to understand it, but just focuses on one question: “Is this painting true or false?”

Indeed, this is the key and a very pragmatic issue. For a moment, Wang Guan and Mr. Lu's attention also shifted from the background of the times to the drawing itself.

"Wang Shizhen, a native of the Ming Dynasty, commented on Wen Jia, and his calligraphy could not be like his brother, but he painted it and served the imperial edict (Wen Zhengming)."

At this time, Mr. Lu pondered: "In other words, Wen Jia's style of painting is very similar to Wen Zhengming, with fine brushwork and slightly awkward. He sees naivety in the familiarity. This is a typical Southern style of landscape painting, and it is also Wumen. The usual technique of painting school.”

"This picture of the high hidden autumn pine is undoubtedly the way to draw it."

At this time, Mr. Lu commented: "Precautions for the expression of brush and ink, emphasizes the colorful and quiet artistic conception, and pursues a plain and natural, quiet and peaceful style, which is very similar to Wen Jia's work."

“It’s very similar?”

Cai Peng couldn't hear it, but with Mr. Cai's shrewdness, he was ready to grasp Mr. Lu's uncertain meaning.

"Yes, it's very similar." At this time, Mr. Lu hesitated a little, then nodded firmly: "If I read it correctly, this painting should be a imitation."

"Imitation?" In an instant, Wang Guan narrowed his eyes and studied it more seriously. After looking at it for a while, he also found something wrong: "This is a Yangzhou knife!"

"Huh."

At the right time, Mr. Lu was also a little surprised: "Mr. Wang is so eye-catching, and he is well-versed in history. It is admirable."

"Mr. Lu has won the award, but I have seen ancient paintings like this before. Moreover, if it weren't for Mr. Lu's reminder, I wouldn't have discovered the flaws in the painting so quickly."

This is Wang Guan’s sincerity. He really admires Mr. Lu, and feels that he is worthy of being the best calligraphy and painting appraiser. He has a lot of experience. In a short period of time, he can see that the painting is strange.

"What is Yangzhou knife?"

At the same time, Cai Peng was puzzled and said, "How can you tell that this painting is fake?"

"This painting is not fake, it can only be said to be a imitation." Wang Guan shook his head and said, "Strictly speaking, it is also considered an ancient painting from the Ming Dynasty, but it is not a work by Wen Jia, but an imitation copied by antique merchants at that time. ”

"The imitation at that time?" Cai Peng was shocked.

"That's right. Just like modern fakes are rampant, ancient times may not be very pure." Wang Guan smiled bitterly and said, "To put it bluntly, Chinese calligraphy and paintings have a long history, beginning in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties had become popular. In the Song Dynasty,

It became the first fake in history. The Yuan Dynasty declined slightly, but in the Ming Dynasty, it reached its peak again."

"Of course, there are historical reasons for this."

Wang Guan explained: "In the mid-Ming Dynasty, with the revival of the economy, the calligraphy and painting market also flourished. A large number of wealthy households including Hui merchants, Shanxi merchants, Fujian merchants, etc., appeared, and they gathered a lot of wealth in their hands. Everyone also

It should be clear that the tastes of the rich are similar, no matter what ancient and modern times, and when friends gather, they naturally need some antiques, calligraphy and painting to add to their elegant atmosphere."

After hearing this, even if others forget it, Mr. Cai would not consciously nod. No wonder some people would say that history is always repeating itself, and this is a vicious circle that is difficult to crack. The so-called adding elegant pleasure is a more euphemistic term. In fact,

But it was to show off for the sake of wealth. However, due to Mr. Cai being in front, Wang Guan couldn't say it too straightforwardly.

"The formation of elegant play style requires a large number of calligraphy and painting works. However, the calligraphy and painting of the previous generations have very few, so the style of counterfeiting becomes even more harmful."

While speaking, Wang Guan also sighed a little: "At that time, the most economically developed was the Jiangnan region, which gave birth to the Wumen School of Painting. However, there were very few painters in the Wumen School of Painting. Even if you paint every day, you could not satisfy your feelings.

There is a huge market demand. There is a market naturally. In this case, fakes and fakes will naturally come into being.”

"According to records, before the Jiajing period, there were more than 400 large and small workshops in Jiangsu and Zhejiang that imitated Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy and paintings alone. But what was even more crazy were those buyers, Yongle's red picking, Xuande's copper, Chenghua's kiln, and even

Shen (Zhou), Tang (Yin) paintings; Wen (Zhengming), Zhu (Yunming), and Zhu (Yunming), and Shen Su, and Mi, and the most important ones are called thousands, and they are called hundreds, and they can be paid for each other at every turn. The real one cannot be

Redistinguish.”

At this moment, Wang Guan couldn't help but sigh: "Speaking of this, the ancients were much more fanatical than us. Even though they knew that there were more fakes, they did not spare any manpower and material resources to search for purchases. Some people even searched for twenty years and spent tens of thousands of dollars. They were so obsessed with

There are countless collection merchants, which just provides people who make fake calligraphy and painting with great opportunities to deceive people and make profits."

"As for the so-called Yangzhou sword, it is actually a noun. However, it is because of the fear of cause and effect. Even if some people commit fraud, they will deliberately leave some flaws in the painting or inscriptions so that future generations can follow the traces and can identify them.

However, if the buyer cannot identify it, the responsibility will not be on him."

Wang Guan shook his head: "Although this is suspected of falsehood, it is still a short line for people. Unlike the fakes who are now, they pursue reality and are most afraid of revealing any flaws."

"Yes, that's it."

At this time, Mr. Lu deeply agreed and realized that Wang Guan’s two brushes were much bigger than he thought, so of course he could not continue to be indifferent. It was not because he was afraid of being robbed of the limelight, but because he was worried that he would lose this opportunity, and that he would let Mr. Cai go.

Opportunity to look at each other directly.

Thinking of this, Mr. Lu also said: "In the mid-Ming Dynasty, forgery was not only a social atmosphere, but also a unique phenomenon. Due to the abundant profits, some unknown calligraphers and painters or painters made a living by forging fake calligraphy and paintings.

Some famous literati calligraphers and painters also seek life from this.”

This kind of thing is normal. It was not only in the Ming Dynasty, but also in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period, the famous Zhang Daqian, who had not yet become famous in his early years, also relied on imitating Shi Tao's paintings to support his family. Later, when he became famous, his paintings could be sold for money.

, this ended this behavior.

After all, there are many painters in each period. Except for a few who have become famous painters, most of them are neglected by the painting world, becoming so-called cold names, nicknames, and even nameless painters who cannot find names in the history of art.

These people also have to make a living. They can't sell their own paintings and can't stand the poor life. When they fail to change their careers, they naturally embarked on the old path of copying and imitating the ancients.

"The famous painters have made extraordinary achievements and have reached the point of being fake and real, which is indeed difficult to distinguish. However, in summary, they are nothing more than copying, copying, imitating, making and replacing the original works."

At the same time, Mr. Lu continued to comment: "A more common method is to modify the original painting and add the model, which is commonly referred to as a makeover. At the same time, in order to maximize profits, the counterfeiter can do anything and even want to

It was made by splitting and packing. A painting was divided into several pieces and mounted separately, sold separately to make profits."

"What's even more amazing is naturally Suzhou films. Using the unique skill of revealing paintings, they lifted several layers of a painting and then reframed it."

When talking about these secrets, Mr. Lu's tone was quite complicated, a little admiring, and a little deeply disgusted: "As for this picture of Qiu Song's high hidden shadow, it is a relatively simple copy. It is to look at the original painting,

It is drawn by one stroke."

"So as long as you look closely, you can easily find that the lines of the drawing have a sudden stroke, and there are obvious traces of modification between the lines. This is a general copying technique, which also shows that the person who copyes is not good at it."

At this time, Mr. Lu shook his head gently and immediately signaled: "However, the text is real. It should have been dug out of the original work and filled in this painting. Ordinary people use pen marks to identify them, so it must be that they must be dug out of the original work.

It’s easy to be fooled, thinking that the work is the original.”

"Um."

Wang Guan agreed: "From digging out the original works, it means that the original works may have been divided into several pieces, and then re-painted them to form several works. This can make several times the money and make a lot of profits. However, this is also the reason,

But it has caused many famous works to be destroyed and disappeared in the long river of history.”

"Yes, these people are all killer executioners." Mr. Lu scolded, feeling a little bit gritting his teeth.

As the saying goes, love a person, and an excellent appraiser, you must first love what you appraised. Otherwise, you will not be able to invest 100% enthusiasm, and then your professional qualities will definitely not be high, and it is difficult to become the top appraiser.

.After all, if you have interest, you will definitely learn things quickly. If you are not interested, you will definitely not be able to learn anything, and your achievements will naturally be limited.

There is no doubt that Mr. Lu is a wise appraiser, so he must be full of enthusiasm for calligraphy and painting, and naturally he hates people who destroy calligraphy and painting. Regarding this, Wang Guan felt that he and Mr. Lu had a common language and hated the enemy...

"Smack!"
Chapter completed!