In the silent classroom, the only sound that could be heard was the sound of Zhang Fei writing on a wooden board with charcoal.

I saw Zhang Fei wrote "virtue", two horizontal bars, and "punishment" on the wooden board;

Below it is written "De", two horizontal bars, "Dharma".

Represents the German main criminal auxiliary and the German main legal auxiliary.

The students are very familiar with Zhang Fei's teaching method. They are really nervous but full of expectations.

"correct!"

Just as he put down his hand and turned around, Zhang Fei suddenly thought of something again and asked, "Do you know what this Tsun Chang belongs to?"

The students said in unison: "It belongs to virtue."

Zhang Fei asked again: "Guangchang is equal to virtue, and is virtue equal to Gangchang?"

"no."

"what is that?"

"Gang always belongs to etiquette."

"good."

Zhang Fei nodded, turned around and wrote "Li" next to "De", and then asked: "What is the relationship between etiquette and virtue?"

"Etiquette also belongs to virtue."

"Exactly right."

Zhang Fei directly drew a small circle to circle "Li", and then drew a large circle to circle "Morality" and "Li" and said: "Violating etiquette must violate morality, but violating morality does not necessarily violate morality."

Etiquette, so etiquette is within virtue."

After saying that, he looked at the students again and asked with a smile: "I believe you should know more about this than me."

The students just smiled and said nothing.

How can you say you know better than the teacher?

They didn't dare. God knows what Zhang Fei's next question will be.

"Then do you know the relationship between 'punishment' and the two?"

While speaking, Zhang Fei gestured to both ends of the horizontal bar with his hands.

Shangguan Jun replied: "It can be said that punishment and etiquette are equal."

"What's the basis?" Zhang Fei asked.

Shangguan Jundao: "The "Song Xingtong" of our dynasty is inherited from the "Tang Laws and Regulations", and in the "Mingli" in the Tang Dynasty Laws and Regulations, it mentions legislative guidance at the beginning, and morality and etiquette are the foundation of politics and religion.

Punishment is for political and religious purposes and must be done according to etiquette."

Zhang Fei nodded and asked: "What are the crimes that can concretely embody this legislative principle?"

Shangguan Jun said: "The crimes among the ten evils can basically illustrate this point, such as unfilial piety, disrespect, discord, unrighteousness..."

"That's a very good answer."

Zhang Fei nodded and said: "From the Ten Evil Crimes, we can see that from the previous dynasty to ours, the legislative principle of rites and punishments was followed. Therefore, rites are law, law is etiquette, and they are combined into etiquette and law.

I have to say that this is a very perfect combination, because as we have said before, Confucianism was originally based on moral education and etiquette, but later Confucianism also realized that relying solely on education and self-cultivation was not enough.

Yes, we still have to use punishment to intimidate and punish, so it was combined with Legalism. In the Tang Dynasty, this idea was perfectly implemented, which was to legislate through ethics.

Let me ask you one more question, which one is greater, ritual or punishment?"

"present!"

The students said in unison.

Zhang Fei asked: "Why?"

Cai Bian said: "Whether it is "Tang Lu Shu Yi" or our "Song Xing Tong", it is impossible to list all unfilial and discordant behaviors as crimes, but often when trying cases, as long as the behavior is a violation of

According to the Three Cardinal Guidelines and the Five Constant Rules, even if there is no such crime, you will still be convicted."

Zhang Fei smiled and asked: "What thoughts does this reflect?"

"De Zhu Xing Fu."

"Yes, etiquette is greater than law, etiquette is greater than punishment. This is the embodiment of morality as the master and punishment as the assistant."

Zhang Fei nodded, "It can also be said that punishment is completely complementary to etiquette. How to support it is all kinds of punishment, punishment, and intimidation. Right?"

Nod your head to learn something.

This was all about Confucian knowledge, and they answered very fluently, basically without any hesitation.

"Then the relationship between the two can be expressed like this."

Zhang Fei came to the wooden board, circled "Xing", and then changed a line to connect it with "Li". "To put it simply, the relationship is that 'Xing' is in 'Li'."

As he spoke, he gestured with his hand to "Morality and Law" below, "Now let's look at the relationship between morality and law. Remember, this law refers to the law of legal system."

As he spoke, he also wrote "law of legal system" on the side, and then asked: "What do you think is the relationship between the two? Is it the same as above?"

The students who had been answering questions fluently just now suddenly looked confused.

When it comes to the legal system, their heads seem to be solidified and they cannot turn around.

"Um?"

Zhang Fei looked at them expectantly.

Cai Bian said nonchalantly: "It should be the same."

Zhang Fei said: "How to say?"

Cai Bian replied: "They are all based on virtue, so the relationship is naturally the same, but the method is different."

Zhang Fei nodded slightly, then glanced away, "Is there any other answer?"

Ye Zuqia said: "I think it's different."

Zhang Fei asked: "What can I say?"

Ye Zuqia said: "If it's the same, what else does the teacher have to say?"

Zhang Fei smiled and said: "Your answers are really witty and completely unfounded."

The students were all embarrassed and silent.

Zhang Fei suddenly looked at the scholar-bureaucrats around him again.

Almost everyone looked disdainful.

Your self-entertaining and mystifying knowledge is not worth using our brains.

Only Fu Bi, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang and others were thinking deeply, but they did not respond.

Empress Dowager Cao was also completely confused. She wanted to ask Zhao Xu, but found that Zhao Xu was more stupid than her.

Zhang Fei smiled slightly and said, "Now that these concepts are very clear, we can deduce what kind of relationship there is between the German leader and the French auxiliary."

here we go again!

The students are looking forward to it very much.

Although this kind of inferential teaching makes them feel stupid, it is actually very enjoyable. It is like walking through a maze. The moment they go out, they are always very happy. If they are not happy, they will not look forward to taking this class.

"Just now we said that Legalist law emphasizes punishment, but Confucian law lacks punishment. The two can be directly integrated because they are complementary and easy for everyone to understand. Now let's see if the law

Like punishment, it can be perfectly integrated with it."

This chapter is not over yet, please click on the next page to continue reading! Zhang Fei asked again: "What is the concept of the rule of law?"

"A consensus to defend the legitimate rights and interests of individuals."

"Where's the ceremony?"

"Etiquette can be summarized as three cardinal principles and five constant principles."

"Are the Three Cardinal Guidelines and Five Constant Virtues what the sage thought of?" Zhang Fei asked again.

The students nodded.

Zhang Fei asked: "Who thought it?"

"Sage Confucius, the three cardinal principles are derived from the sage's monarch, minister, minister, father, father, son, son."

"So before Confucius, there was no such thing as king, minister, father and son? There was no superiority of men and inferiority of women? There was no benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith?"

"Well...."

"Do you have?"

"have."

"Of course!"

Zhang Fei said: "If this is not the case, what is the basis for Sage Kong's words? In fact, this is the same as Li Kui's "Dharma Sutra". There is an existing relationship between monarch, minister, father, son and man, and it is a convention.
To be continued...