It was already late autumn, and the sky was covered with yellow leaves by the Han River outside the window, and white sails passed by the river and disappeared into a snow-white reed marsh.

Autumn is the time for war. The food is harvested, the farmers are free of life, and the plants and trees in the north are withered. When the nomadic people are tall and the horses are fat, it is also the time when the Han people in the Central Plains have abundant food and grass, so they often have to do it. This year, Nong Zhigao from Guangnan has been added. The autumn and winter and summer have disappeared, and the miasma gradually faded, which is a good time for the army to move south. Du Zhongxiao looked at the fallen leaves floating on the river and thought about how he would lead the army to fight in a month.

After drinking for a while, Wang Anshi said: "When I was late, Huainan is not a place with vast land and sparsely populated areas. What should I do if I want to build a field?"

Du Zhongxiao came back to his senses and said, "No matter where the land is, it is actually quite different. Jingxi Road first used the land to resettle the land and the Yingtianxiang Army, which had nothing to do, not to develop the place. This is different from Huainan. This area is vast and sparsely populated, and there are some people to do in the land and there are no big troubles in the local area. Take Zaoyang County, where the yamen is located, as an example, but because the land and field services are more favorable than the local area, all the farmers of the wealthy families left the owner and entered the land and field services. Once the land and field services are opened, all the rich people in the countryside can't manage them, so they have to sell the land and do something else."

Wang Anshi said: "As As Xiao said, Huainan Road is in the fields, and there is no land or manpower in the states, so I don't know where to start."

Du Zhongxiao said: "As long as you don't regard farming as a yamen, but as a farm for growing grain, it will not be that difficult. There are field services for burning and wine making everywhere, why can't there be farming farming farming? As long as you invest money and the government preside over the government, it is better to be a farmer in a wealthy family's home? If not, it's better not to do this kind of farming farming!"

Han Jiang and Wang Anshi laughed together after hearing this. Indeed, if the official sponsorship is not as good as the landlord's farmer, why do you have to do land commerce? In the Huainan Road, the purpose of land commerce is to ease the landlord's oppression of farmers, and to let the government master a part of a stable source of grain, which can be used as a supplement to the regular settlement. In addition, what are the benefits? Grain can be collected by taxes.

Du Zhongxiao also said: "As long as you have the capital, you can buy land. Choose large fields, no water or roads, and the place is unwilling to cultivate. After buying the field commerce, you will build roads and open canals and change them to fertile fields. The second is to choose idle fields that are not cultivated, and build roads and open canals and cultivate them. Both of these can be used as a local corvee local area to assist and use manpower to replace capital. With land, you will recruit people. According to the experience of Jingxi Road, you will attract people. First, you need public fields for field commerce. The people should work in public fields and be able to get 40% to half of the food. Why is this amount? Because the farmer's house is from the owner's house.

This is also the case when renting land there. With these grains as a foundation, farming and farming oxen, you don’t have to worry about no one coming. Another thing is to remember to let each household have private land. The number should not be too large. One household can make one to two acres of Dingtian. With these private land, they can plant fruit trees and vegetable gardens, plant some miscellaneous grains as supplements, and exchange some cash for their hands. The rest is nothing more than mulberry and oak, and it is best for each village to arrange some. If you have these, then the women who buy the fields will have something to do, enough for the family to be busy. If you do these, leave some idle fields in the village, and the farming responsibilities will be opened."

Du Zhongxiao is talking about the official farm, that is, the state-owned small and medium-sized farms in later generations. Now there is a template, just do it as you do. There is an advantage of the government-owned farmland, which is to adjust the per capita arable land in each farm to maximize income. With the different levels of agricultural development, the popularization of new agricultural tools, the emergence of good varieties, and the improvement of infrastructure, the optimal number of per capita arable land is constantly changing. The goals are different, such as pursuing the highest grain output, this number is a number, and pursuing the highest economic efficiency.

Benefit is another number. For example, in later generations, China and the United States have different natural endowments and different national conditions, and the pursuit of maximization of benefits is also different. One tends to be the highest yield and the other tends to be the best return. The per capita land number of cultivated land must be different. Based on output-oriented, even if China is an industrial farm, the per capita land farmed by farmers will be much less than that of the United States that pursue profits. When it comes to agriculture, compared with the American farm, it is just an economist who has returned from the United States, and the public opinion orientation combined with big capital.

Wang Anshi thought for a while and asked, "Why do you want to buy land and buy land that others don't want to plant, and then open up wasteland? Just buy the mature fields that you can plant, and everything else is as discussed before, isn't it much easier?"

Du Zhongxiao said: "Jiefu, if the officials do not compete with the people for profit, they will buy mature land, and they will turn over."

Wang Anshi said: "The benefits of the world are not in the official position, but in the people. After all, it is still used on the people. It is as strong as the rich people among the people, and the poor people have no place to stand. The rich people have wine and meat, and the road is frozen to death!"

Du Zhongxiao smiled and shook his head: "It is not surprising that we read the books of sages and have the hearts of sages. Assistant Professor Li of the Taixue School said that plain land is the only way to plough the land and divide the land of the world into the hands of the farmer. It is good to think about it this way, but can it be done? The officials do not compete with the people for profit, which means that the benefits are in the people, not in the hands of a few powerful households. Now the world is not crowded, and there are idle land, and the few are people, not land-"

Han Jiang said: "It's not entirely true to say this when I'm late. The world is different. Some places have few people, and some places have few land."

Du Zhongxiao said: "On the whole point, the world is short of people but not land. Everyone knows that to produce grain, the most basic thing is to have land, followed by people, and thirdly, there are agricultural tools, oxen, canals, roads, warehouses, etc. Food is short of food, and the price increases, the price of these things increases. There are two fundamental purposes of land management, but it does not include adjusting land prices, which is something that governments cannot do."

Wang Anshi said: "If you do not adjust the land price, what are the two purposes of the land management?"

"First, adjust the local human resources price, that is, the income of customers. If local customers have too little income, there is no doubt that some of the income they deserve is taken away by the main households of the occupied land. At this time, the field management recruits people and absorbs the excess manpower to increase the manpower price of local farming. This is for the people. Another purpose of field management is to open wasteland for the future and opens wasteland. It costs money to open wasteland, and it cannot be equipped with roads and canals. If the land is not leveled, the land will not be good land. If it is forced to plant, it will not produce much grain. Why do many places have wasteland? It is not that it is not suitable for growing grain, but that there is no roads, canals, and no leveling. We can call these infrastructures. With these infrastructures, wasteland can truly become mature fields after cultivation.

Most of the people are small farmers, and it is not easy to do these things. Many lands have to be idle there. There is no way to cultivate them. After countless years and generations of people have been doing it, they can be considered to be cultivated. The land business is not good to buy good land and open wasteland, and it is built with the power of the government to build these infrastructures. The government invests this money much more than private ones. After the local development, the land business can also sell the land to the local area, and it will be good land. This is called the government bear the development cost, and the people get the benefits. When the initial construction is built, only grain and the infrastructure built cannot be seen, which is called invisible assets. When the difficulties are encountered, the land is given to the people. When the government collects money for emergency treatment, it is called sunk costs. It is the same as the grain reserved here. The money reserved here is the same as the grain reserved for the long term."

Wang Anshi and Han Jiang looked at each other and said to Du Zhongxiao: "Are you thinking too much when you are about to find out?"

Du Zhongxiao shook his head: "I am Yingtian on Jingxi Road and I am also raising Changping. I don't think about it. If I can't figure it out, I won't do it well. If I do it by chance, it will turn into nothing whenever I encounter any changes, and it will eventually be useless."

This is the story of the implementation of China's joint-stock contracting. Collective assets are distributed to farmers, and a large amount of sunk costs are quickly realized, resulting in a prosperity that lasts for several years. For the regime, by monetizing such assets, it can survive a crisis. When wealth is surplus, turning surplus into invisible costs, and cashing out when necessary is a way to deal with the crisis.

Du Zhongxiao's identity has long changed from Yingtian to the supervisor of Changpingsi, and has also emerged from stabilizing grain prices, which not only stabilizes market goods prices, but also stabilizes asset prices. The role of Yingtian has changed from relocating excess manpower to reserve assets. Li Shen keenly felt this and only Yingtian was on Huainan Road. Otherwise, there would be a dense population and no large amount of idle labor. What did he do?

Wang Anshi pondered for a long time and said, "If you can't buy mature fields as you said, you can't buy mature fields, but you can only buy idle fields to open wasteland, otherwise it will be meaningless. However, the rich people among the people are getting richer and the poor will find it difficult to survive. After all, they are still there and cannot be ignored."

Du Zhongxiao said: "Of course, those who are in power cannot pretend to be invisible, and they cannot let it go. However, if you rely on the field affairs of the field, you must rely on other means. When talking about field affairs, you only do what you should do, and don't put things you can't do, otherwise you will lose your head."

Wang Anshi said: "Even if people enter the camp and farming, the father has a son, the son has a grandson, and the population will always increase. Even if there is free land, there will be a day to be opened. The land is limited and the people are increasing, so what should we do?"
Chapter completed!