It was during the Civil War, and one day a young man named Ketcham came to visit him. He seemed to casually mention the "Order No. 1" issued by President Lincoln on January 27, 1862. This order determined 2

At the end of the month, the Northern Army mobilized, and the Army and Navy launched an all-out attack. The Civil War was about to enter a new stage. During this period, the Northern Army suffered heavy casualties. Morgan suddenly became excited. He believed that the price of gold was going to rise again. At that time, the Lincoln administration was often plagued by heavy military expenditures.

Troubled by insufficient money. Later, Poland Joyce, who had served as the governor of Ohio, became the Minister of Finance. He began to implement the "deficit government" policy. Although the government had a currency shortage, in addition to the national debt, Joyce also used interest rates as high as 7%.

Issued war bonds. As a result, an abnormal phenomenon appeared: if the North Army won, the price of gold would fall, otherwise it would rise or even skyrocket. They have realized that this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for speculation.

Shortly after they met, the Union Army was defeated in the Battle of Bull Run. In order to replenish armaments, Joyce quickly issued 2 million US dollars in war bonds, but no one subscribed. In the end, he had to resell them to London through the Union Bank of New York. Kercham will

The situation was quickly notified to Morgan. They soon learned that the bonds were transferred through Peabody. After discussing with Peabody in London, Morgan secretly bought a large amount of gold, half of which was owned by the family. Rumors of Peabody's purchase were spread everywhere in the United States and the United Kingdom.

News about gold. The price of gold also skyrocketed. People began various investigations and speculations, because at this time the Northern Army failed in more than one place. The rise in gold prices does not seem to be related to the shortage of armaments, daily necessities, and industrial supplies, so there must be an invisible hand.

The New York Times later announced that the manipulator had been found, and he was the young speculator J.P. Morgan. The newspaper severely criticized the deliberate actions that caused the price of gold to skyrocket. But criticism was criticism, and the price of gold was still skyrocketing. From this incident

It can be seen that young Morgan was unscrupulous in order to make money. His father's explanation for this was that the child was too courageous. Then Morgan hired a telegraph worker to contact the frontline officers specifically to know the news more accurately. There is no doubt that the news

It brought a lot of gold to Morgan. Later, J.S. Morgan obtained top-secret information and the U.S. government wanted to compensate Britain for 1 million pounds of gold. Needless to say, J.P. Morgan made a fortune again.

After the Civil War, Morgan & Co. became increasingly prosperous. His former colleagues, Charles Dabney of Duncan & Co., and his cousin Gutwin all joined his company, and the company's name was changed to Dabney & Morgan.

.

As Morgan made profits again and again, he finally grew from an unknown person to a rising star on Wall Street. This opened a new chapter in Morgan's glorious career.

In 1869, Morgan intervened in the famous dispute over the Saskohanna Railway.

The Saskohanna Railway is an artery connecting industrial cities and coal bases in the eastern United States. It starts from Albany, the capital of New York State, to Binghamton in northern Pennsylvania, with a total length of more than 220 kilometers. Binghamton has many railways

It leads to various coal producing areas and is a famous coal distribution center. Moreover, this railway is connected to the Erie Railway in the south and reaches Chicago, an important city in the central United States, in the west. Steel from Pittsburgh and oil from the oil-producing river can be transported to New York through this. Therefore, in the eyes of industrialists

In August 1869, Wall Street speculators launched a fierce battle over the ownership of this railway. The battle was dominated by speculation.

It was launched by Joey Gould, a young speculator who dominated Wall Street in the industry. In order to seize the Saskohanna Railway, he joined forces with the young and strong Jim Fiske. They cleverly took advantage of Washington's financial austerity policy.

He printed fictitious company-exchange bonds at the Odowie Theater, allowing about half of the railway's shares to fall into his own hands. At the same time, he bribed judicial officials and sealed up the Saskohanna Corporation before the Saskohanna Railway's shareholder meeting.

The New York State Court also ordered that Ramjet, president of the Saskohanna Railway, be removed from his post. Subsequently, Gould quickly extended all his ownership of the Erie Railway to Bingampton and prepared to declare ownership of the Sakohanna Railway.

When his train full of armed personnel entered the Saskohanna Railway, it was blocked by heavily armed company employees led by Ramjie. A fierce conflict broke out between the two sides, causing heavy casualties and becoming a major tragedy that shocked the United States.

The government had to send out troops to quell the situation.

Ramjie was determined to avoid this humiliation. He was introduced to Morgan, who had become a young financial investor on Wall Street. Morgan agreed to help him after careful consideration. The method was to go to court with Gould, and Morgan asked Ramjie to hire him.

His father-in-law, lawyer Tracy, and his assistants, lawyers Hunter and Ramje, fully agreed and promised to issue 3,000 new shares after the event was completed, making Morgan, Dabney, Tracy and Hunter all listed as shareholders. The court battle was very long.

Effective immediately, the court reinstated Ramjie. Then they prepared for the battle at the shareholders' meeting. Tracy expected that Gould and Fisk would probably threaten force at the meeting. Morgan felt that his father-in-law's idea was right, so he

Careful negotiations and arrangements were made with Ramjie and others. Early in the morning on the day of the shareholders' meeting, Morgan, Ramjie, Tracy, and Hunter rushed to the venue, only to see that Fiske had already brought many heavily armed soldiers.

The guards came. Seeing how nervous they were, Morgan found it funny. At this moment, a shout came from the entrance of the venue: "Fiske, don't move!" Then many Albany County police officers in gray uniforms appeared around, Fiske

They were stunned. Under the command of the director, Fiske was arrested. Of course, no arrest warrant was produced and his crime was not announced. Fiske, who was intimidated, also forgot to ask them to do so, and was taken away in a carriage in a daze.

Due to Fuske's arrest, Gould sabotaged the meeting's plans, and the shareholders' meeting was held smoothly. At the meeting, Ramje continued to serve as president, and Morgan was elected as vice president of the Saskohanna Railway. Step out

Morgan couldn't help but laugh in the conference hall. People later learned that the dramatic scene of Fisk's arrest was entirely planned and directed by Morgan, and the so-called "police" and "police chief" were naturally hired.

After the shareholders' meeting, Morgan actually replaced Ramjet and took control of the Saskohanna Railway. Wall Street and even the entire United States were talking about this, and various speculations came one after another. Invisibly, Morgan's popularity increased rapidly, and no one denied that he

He was a huge success when he got involved in the railroad speculation industry, and some people hailed him as a new recruit on Wall Street who was extremely skillful, strategic and promising. "American People" commented on him: "As a business operator, Morgan is incomparable to contemporary

He fought against the most powerful financial capitalists with all kinds of weapons, and he won, thus laying the foundation for riding on the corporate stage and opening up his own life."

The early history of the Morgan Group records the era of monopoly that will never return

In 1871, founder J.P. Morgan co-founded Drexel Morgan Company to engage in banking services such as investment and credit.

In 1895, it was renamed J.P. Morgan Company and penetrated into industries such as steel, railways and public utilities.

In 1912, the Morgan consortium controlled 13 financial institutions and was called the "bankers' bankers" by the American financial community.

In 1930, the total assets of large banks and large enterprises controlled by the Morgan consortium accounted for more than 50% of the eight major consortiums in the United States at that time.

From a background perspective, China's capital market after the mid-1990s is indeed similar to the U.S. capital market where Morgan worked more than a hundred years ago: there is an excess of idle capital, the market is full of speculation, and investors hope that corporate leaders will emerge from nowhere.

Morgan's experience cannot be replicated. In 1898, he underwrote US$200 million in US government bonds and subscribed US$1.8 billion in British treasury bonds in 1899. Morgan became the world's number one financial tycoon.

However, Morgan's financial means of integrating disorderly competitive industries are of reference significance.

After the Civil War, the U.S. steel industry developed rapidly. The subsequent Spanish-American War and the Boer War caused steel prices to rise, profits to soar, mergers and acquisitions abound, but disordered price wars also emerged. Morgan believes that,

To establish proper order in the steel industry, larger-scale mergers and reorganizations are necessary.

To this end, he first chose the U.S. Steel and Wire Company owned by John Gates. Morgan used various methods, such as roping in Gates' lawyers, to coerce and induce him to reach an agreement: to establish a federation on top of the U.S. Steel and Wire Company.

Steel companies, including 265 steel companies in the United States.

Next, Morgan used this as capital to start the well-known negotiation with Andrew Carnegie. Eventually, he acquired the latter's steel company for US$400 million. In 1901, Morgan's own U.S. Steel Company was finally officially established.

In order to speed up the company's operation, Morgan on the one hand set high product prices and raised the industry threshold by squeezing small and medium-sized steel companies; on the other hand, taking advantage of the financial constraints of these small and medium-sized companies, Morgan continued to acquire - U.S. Steel annexed the U.S. Steel Company in one fell swoop.

More than 700 related steel companies.

After that, Morgan's U.S. Steel Company immediately began to cut prices. This strategy was quite effective. During the company's heyday, the board of directors controlled 35% of the steel production in the United States and could decide the fate of nearly 170,000 steel workers. U.S. Steel also became the third largest steel company in the history of the United States.

An industrial company with assets in excess of $1 billion.

Today, the era of monopoly is over, and world business power has been dispersed to different institutions. As it is said in the current domestic best-selling book "The Morgan Syndicate": No other bank will be as powerful, mysterious and wealthy as the Morgan Syndicate in the future.

The Morgan Alliance and the Morgan family are collectively known as the Morgan Alliance. In the Morgan Alliance, the board of directors is led by a chain of directors with Morgan as the axis, and it is interconnected with major financial institutions of more than 200,000 below large financial capital, thus forming a huge structure and organization.

The strict "Morgan System". This financial group occupies 33% of the financial capital in the United States, with a total value of nearly 20 billion U.S. dollars! It also has insurance assets of 12.5 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 65% of the U.S. insurance industry. In terms of production, 35% of the U.S.

There are 47 directors of Morgan Company among the major enterprises, including U.S. Steel, General Motors Company, Kennegg Special Copper Company, Texas Gulf Sulfur Company, Continental Oil Company, General Electric Company, etc. Morgan Company's penetration into the railway industry is

Everyone knows it. At the same time, in the communications industry, it also owns IT (International Telephone and Telegraph Company), All-American Cable, Postal Cable, AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph Company), etc. Morgan Alliance has total assets of US$51 billion, and its subordinates include

Yanakoda Copper Mountain, Westinghouse Electric, United Metal Carbide and other major trust companies. Add up all the above, add up all total assets, and deduct duplicate parts. The Morgan system before the Great Panic had a total capital of $74 billion, equivalent to the entire United States.

There are 14,167 directors of all corporate capitals. They came out from Morgan and control the entire Morgan system and execute the instructions issued by Morgan on Wall Street. What kind of hegemony is this! Even today’s Li Cong seems to be a little behind compared to others.

of.

Not only in this aspect, the Morgan family used to be creditors all over the world, and Li Cong could not catch up with them in this regard. Morgan had been creditors to the French, Mexicans and Argentines, and the amount of loans was at least

At that time, the total tax revenue of the government in a year was even more times that. If this did not work, then becoming a creditor of the British would definitely make Li Cong admire him.

It is natural to be a creditor of various countries, and what Morgan was most proud of was that even the British Empire had to ask him for help. As a colonial territory of the Dutch East India Company, the Hottentot country Boer (now South Africa),

After the Napoleonic War, it became a colony of the British Empire. Soon, the diamonds and gold in the area were developed by explorers. In order to develop diamonds and gold, the British Empire formulated a cruel and harsh colonial policy.

This further deepened the conflict with the Boers who originally lived there. As the conflict became more intense, the First Boer War (1880-1881) broke out.

The British successfully expelled the Boers to the north, took back all the gold and diamond producing areas and controlled them. As a result, the antagonism between the British and the Boers further deepened, and finally the second Boer War broke out (

1899). This time, the Boers learned the lessons of their defeat in the last war and adopted flexible and tenacious guerrilla warfare to deal with the British army. This caused the British Empire's expeditionary force to be troubled, unable to advance and unwilling to give up.

After the Second War began, Britain's war expenses were unexpectedly huge, far exceeding people's estimates at the beginning of the war. It rained all night, and the German emperor, who had always been incompatible with Britain, also

It was ambitiously planning to build a large fleet. The British Empire had always been the leader at sea, how could it allow others to replace it? It was bound to compete with Germany, so a fierce arms race began. While the war was going on, the British Empire was expanding its armaments, and the British finances suddenly fell into trouble.

When you are in an extremely difficult situation, you can no longer rely on your own strength alone, and you must ask for help from others.

At this time, the British government first thought of Morgan, so it sent Belmont of the Rothschild Company's New York representative office to seek Morgan's advice and ask for help. Morgan agreed without hesitation. Morgan first learned from the first Boer

Starting with the war bonds, he was responsible for purchasing public bonds worth a total of 15 million U.S. dollars. Later, he repeatedly subscribed for additional bonds. In fact, a total of 180 million U.S. dollars worth of British government bonds were subscribed. Having done so many war bonds and government bond transactions, he was

For Morgan, the benefits are endless.

By the beginning of the 20th century, it is no exaggeration to say that Morgan had become the world's creditor. Li Cong raised his head and glanced at Miss Baring in front of him. Although she did not have the skills of their ancestors, at this moment, this girl could estimate here

He is also an important figure in the family. There is also the Morgan family in the Skull and Bones Society. However, in front of those huge giants, the Morgan family is just a wealthy man on the surface. Their cooperation with the Klan is just to take it to a higher level.

Lou, at this time, a simple-minded guy would probably agree to their idea immediately, but Li Cong would not do that. Li Cong clearly knew how powerful the skeletons were, and he could not agree to this condition unless he

They can control more than a quarter of the United States, otherwise their 6,000 tons of gold may become trophies of the Skull and Bones Society. They are facing a huge gamble, a 6,000 tons of gold gamble. If they win, 6,000 tons of gold will be bought.

If one-third of the United States loses, it will be these 6,000 tons of gold. (To be continued...)
Chapter completed!