Chapter 14 The British Preparations for War (Part 1)
Both public property and private property originated in primitive society. However, as a narrative of written law, it appeared in the ancient Roman era, and the Roman code began to clarify the difference between the two. However, as Europe entered the dark age, public property and private property both became the wallets for the Catholic Church to play with the monarchs and nobles.
Influenced by the Renaissance and the vigorous promotion of the Enlightenment movement since the 18th century, with the long-term efforts of many civil law scholars, European monarchs gradually accepted a war convention: one party at the war can openly force the other party to the government, and the people will deliver the public property they have mastered to bear taxes and food for the invaders, which is a "legal" act.
However, the private property of the people is not included in the expropriation, because "private property is sacred and inviolable!"
In modern European armies, lawyers were successively hired to accompany the army. In addition to assisting the Military Law Department and the Military Court, investigating officers and soldiers who violate discipline, and providing limited defenses for agents, their more responsibilities are to provide a series of legal advice to commanders in the war, especially to cooperate with the review of accounting and quarantine officials, to identify and identify the number and scale of public property in the occupied areas, and to prevent local nobles or people from waiting for an opportunity to turn the victories of their own troops and the government's public property into private ownership.
From the Revolution to the Napoleon era, the huge wealth plundered by the French army in Italy, Ollity, the Netherlands, Belgium, and the German vassal states came from the public property of the local government, including Louis 30 million in the conquest of the Italian Peninsula, but they rarely paid attention to the private property of ordinary people.
However, after the Iberis Peninsula War, various factors led to the arrogant and domineering French marshals no longer abide by this conventional law, which led to the continuous rebellion in various parts of the occupied areas, and the 300,000 troops were immediately trapped in the Spanish quagmire.
In 1809, after Professor Say accepted the invitation of Desai and became the internal affairs officer of Duke Hruna, he strongly demanded that the military lawyers be hired within the Desai troops be reshaped to reshape the special regulations on public and private property in the war, and to prevent unorganized and uncontrolled plundering by soldiers. In response, civilized travelers from the 21st century happily accepted this.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain also calls itself a civilized country.
When the British cabinet received the war declaration from the Duke of Hruna in the northern suburbs of Zaragoza, at the suggestion of Foreign Minister Chad Wells, a large number of London military and police violently broke open the door and rushed into the business agency building of the Manresa government on the Thames River, trying to seize and freeze Catalonian government assets in the UK.
But to the British people's disappointment, two days ago, the unrelocated government assets invested by Catalonia on the British Isle were all transferred to a private ownership of a company and registered in London. The main shareholder of the British company is the former captain of the Mediterranean Fleet "Victor", the retired Colonel Steve.
When the careless Steve took out the asset transfer agreement approved by the London Civil Court, the lawyers who served as government reviewers turned around and quickly left, leaving a group of military and policemen with headaches from the retired colonel's loud protest and subsequent civil compensation lawsuits.
...
"Damn traitor!" When he learned that the London municipality was inactive, he was not only empty-handed, but also carrying a lawsuit, and had already gone to the southern coast of Spain and met with the Cadiz government, who resisted the French army, and cursed angrily. He waved his arms involuntarily, trying to vent, but accidentally touched the large stack of documents placed on the table overturning the case and then scattered all over the ground.
Looking at the messy documents falling on the ground, Chad Wells' heart gradually calmed down. He drove the attendant secretary who had heard the news out of the room, returned to his seat, and then calmly thought about the important mission he wanted to fulfill.
In April this year, when Napoleon announced in Paris that the appointment of the experienced Marshal Massena as the new commander of the Portuguese Legion, all the terrible facts that the British were worried about were finally about to happen again, and the third Portuguese war was imminent. From London, Liverpool, Manchester, and then to Edinburgh, uneasy emotions spread again in the British Isles.
Although the old Prime Minister Percival, on behalf of the war cabinet, swore to Buckingham Palace and Westminster Palace (the location of the parliament) that the brave and warlike Portuguese expeditionary force will surely use the solid fortress of the Torish-Vedrash defense line under the leadership of Viscount Wellington, as always, to defeat the brutal French invaders and win the final victory.
However, more than 80,000 French troops fought against 45,000 British troops, and the huge gap in strength between the enemy and us still made King George III, two-level MPs, and ordinary British people feel at ease.
After flipping through the European map, most of the British discovered sadly that Napoleon, their life-and-death enemy, almost controlled the entire European continent. Except for the incomplete Portugal and Spain, they had no ally.
The Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Denmark, and the Rhine Federation were either directly annexed by France and became the territory of the French Empire, or became a vassal, willing to obey the orders of the Corsicans;
When the Polish army successfully captured the Danze Corridor with the help of the French with the help of the French, and made all the Prussian people feel endless shame, the former important ally of the anti-French alliance, Frederick William III, the Prussian King, once again rejected the British's request for participation in the war, "not willing to participate in this war without any hope of victory."
The Ollidians who suffered defeat in 1809 were already tired of the endless war with France for 20 years. They would rather be shameless, swing their feathers and give their princess to the "cannibal monster" in Corsica than rekindle the war;
Due to the firm opposition of the nobles, the "weak and hypocritical ruler" Alexander I did not agree to hold a political marriage with Napoleon. However, Russia still failed to become a life-saving straw for the British. Shortly after signing the peace agreement with Sweden, the Russian army, which had a little breathing, was forced to urgently transfer to the south to join the war against Turkey. This greatly restrained Russia's own troops and prevented the Tsar and his generals from daring to fight on both sides.
As a last resort, the British cabinet could only turn its attention back to the Iberis Peninsula, where it looked for loyal and solid allies.
Although the Portuguese army was weak and collapsed with one blow, it was recognized that Percival Cabinet appointed Foreign Minister and Sir Wells as the British plenipotentiary envoy to visit loyal allies on the Iberis Peninsula. Soon, Lisbon responded quickly and they would urgently mobilize 50,000 regular troops and the same number of guerrillas to participate in the combat sequence of the British Expeditionary Force.
In late May, when Marshal Massena hurried to the Spanish city of Salamanca, serving as the commander of the Portuguese Legion and made strategic deployment for the upcoming war, Sir Wells, the British Foreign Secretary and plenipotentiary, reached a package of agreement with the Portuguese government, and left Lisbon without stopping and boarded an English-Shipship heading to Cadiz, preparing to persuade the Spanish to send troops into Portugal and cooperate with the British-Portugal coalition forces to fight against the French.
Unlike successfully convincing the Portuguese allies, Sir Wells' diplomatic efforts in Cadiz suffered serious setbacks at the beginning. The Spanish nobles who fulfilled the power of the central government were still obsessed with internal disputes and games of power. When they learned that the British Foreign Secretary's promised pound aid was far from the value they expected, the Cadiz Cabinet, composed of conservative nobles who were weak by nature and lacked determination in encountering problems, made a very naive decision: they did not agree to send troops to aid Portugal unless the British cabinet added three times the amount of military aid.
In a letter to the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, Sir Wells scolded the Spanish resistance government, who had retreated to a corner, saying that they were still "political and were only influenced by personal grudges and interests, and the upper class had no desire to be a country.
...The busy affairs of the great nobles every day are to eat breakfast and go hunt after mass; they go hunt until noon, after lunch, until evening.
...What they were most worried about was not that the French still occupied most of the Spanish motherland, but that there was no pound for expenses in their pockets. I have to admit that the assistance provided by the United Kingdom to the Cádiz government was mostly used for the personal squander of the nobles."
In the decree promulgated in December 1808, the Sevilla-Cadis government promised to give each soldier who resisted France (including guerrillas), 6 to 10 riyals a month (basically provided to the British side), and never really paid, and most soldiers did not even receive a single riyal.
Insulting and angering at him obviously cannot solve the problem. As a mature politician, Sir Wells, calmly discovered a situation: due to the shameless behavior of noble officials in greed for military pay, the regular army and guerrillas, who had been active in the mountains and forests of Spain for a long time, no longer obeyed the various instructions from the Cadiz government. Under the leadership of their commanders, soldiers or guerrillas formed a chaotic situation in which they acted independently and each faced the enemy.
Among them, there are two main resistance troops operating in the northeast and eastern areas of the border between Spain and Portugal: the remaining Spanish regular army led by General Gesta, who is 70 years old, with a force of about 15,000, including 3,600 cavalry units; and the other is the guerrilla force jointly commanded by Brigadier General Diaz and Colonel Sanchez, with a number of more than 30,000.
For the last time, after unsuccessful negotiations with the Cadiz government, Sir Wells finally gave up this part of his efforts and turned his attention to the two local forces mentioned above.
Chapter completed!