The two old men's topic changed from the national political system to the official system, and led themselves to the supervision system of all dynasties, making Zhao Bing unable to help but talk about them along with their topics, and from the memorials to the answers of the monarch and ministers. But the bad premonition at the beginning came out again, but I couldn't figure out what the two of them wanted to express for a while, so I could only continue to talk about the topic.

"After entering the Han Dynasty, the censor was re-established, supervised lawsuits, thieves, cast fake coins, the prison was not straightforward, the labor tax was not fair, the officials were not honest, the officials were harsh, the officials were extravagant, and the crossbow power was more than ten stones, and nine items were usually returned to the prison in March, and the rotation was rotated for two years, and it was introduced into the system!" Liu Fu continued to say.

"It's not good, but the effect is not satisfactory, right?" Zhao Bing chuckled. He knew that the censor sent by the central government in the early Han Dynasty was only in the three prefectures of the capital, namely Fengyi, Fufeng and Hongnong. It was also very well established. After two years of replacement, the target of his supervision was the officials of the county and county, not the county administration.

In terms of institutional design, the censor of the county supervising county regularly goes to the designated place to inspect and then returns to the court to report his duties. The censor is not fixed in one place for a long time and needs to be replaced in two years. This can prevent the censor from establishing a common interest relationship with the local county magistrates for a long time. It is conceivable and implemented effects are often two different things. Even if preventive measures are taken, the censor and the county magistrate can still collude with each other to cover up the local corrupt officials.

"Your Majesty is deeply involved in success or failure. It seems that the outside world's saying that Your Majesty does not read the classics and history is a false statement, and he misunderstood Your Majesty!" Liu Fu smiled with a very pleased look when he heard this.

"Governor Liu praised it, but it was the merit of the careful teaching of several gentlemen!" Zhao Bing was already alert in his heart, so he would not be "blinded", so he turned around and gave the credit to Ying Jieyan.

"I dare not take credit for you. Your Majesty is hardworking and has been able to study for many years!" Ying Jieyan did not accept the advice, but pointed to the large bookshelf standing in the study room and said.

"Well, Your Majesty read thousands of books and traveled thousands of miles, and naturally had a unique understanding of what his predecessors did!" Liu Fu nodded with a smile, and then said, "It was precisely because he saw the disadvantages that Emperor Wen of Han said that the censor did not follow the law and lost his post. He sent the prime minister to assassinate the local area and supervised the censor in order to solve the greed and greedy trend in the administration!"

"In fact, the Prime Minister sent envoys to assassinate prefectures and counties only had temporary effects, but it made the local houses stacked with overlapping institutions and superimposed responsibilities. Not only could not fundamentally solve the problem, but it also left hidden dangers for future generations!" Zhao Bing poured tea for the two old men.

During the Han Dynasty, the Prime Minister's Office sent Prime Minister Shi to the local government to supervise local administration, including the Censor sent by the Censorate, which also became the targets of supervision. In his opinion, this was not a good idea. Compared with the secret police of the Ming Dynasty in later generations, the Jinyiwei first set up a Jinyiwei for spy activities, but the emperor felt that they were too full of strength, so the eunuchs around him established the East Factory to supervise the Jinyiwei. Later, he felt that the East Factory was uncontrollable, so he chose a group of trusted eunuchs to establish the West Factory to supervise the East Factory, which eventually led to the overwhelming power of the eunuchs and even the emperor could not control it!

"Why does Your Majesty have this insight into this?" Ying Jieyan said.

"Of course it is a lesson in history!" Zhao Bing poured tea for himself and put down the teapot. "When Emperor Wu of Han was in power, he thought that 'the county magistrates in the world were mostly treacherous officials'. In order to strengthen supervision, thirteen governors were established in the fifth year of Yuanfeng. The so-called thirteen governors were divided into thirteen prefectures, except for the counties in the capital, each prefecture was divided into thirteen prefectures, each prefecture was a supervision district, and a governor was responsible for the prefectures and counties where he was located. In this way, a relatively stable supervision agency was established in the local area, which was not completely consistent with the division of counties and counties, and was responsible for monitoring the local area. The name of the governor was that the Prime Minister's Office was sent by the Prime Minister's Office during the reign of Emperor Wen to assassinate the counties and counties, and supervise the censors."

"Well, what Your Majesty said is right. This is the name of the governor." Liu Fu nodded and said. He felt even more that the hat of the little emperor who did not read books could be taken. Just these words could show that Your Majesty was still reading with allusions in history, otherwise how could he come without thinking about the allusions in history?

As he said, during the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu repelled Hu, Yue, opened land and repelled land, established jungle sites in the south, and established Shuofang states in the north, and also established Xu, Liang, You, Xia, Zhou, changed Yong to Liang and Liang to Yi. It was the Thirteen Divisions, and the division was similar to the division of the ancient Chinese Jiuzhou. In this way, the governor of the Thirteen State Districts were divided into 103 counties and states across the country.

"The governor has six questions, but he will not ask about the matter." Zhao Bing continued, "One, the strong lords' right land and houses are beyond the system, and the strong magistrates are weak, and the masses are weak. Two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, two, four, two, four, two, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, two, four, one, one, one, the powerful, the bribery, and the government orders were cut off."

"Your Majesty knows the meaning of these six points?" Ying Jieyan was also very satisfied with the young emperor's answer, but the teacher's problem broke again. He picked up the tea and drank it and asked.

"The central part of the regulations governing officials rather than governing the people. But these six points are expanded compared to the time of Emperor Wen. It is precisely because of his wanton increase of the power of the governor that the governor began to participate in administration in the later period, laying hidden dangers for the unrest in the late Han Dynasty!" Zhao Bing said.

As he grew older and his experience in governing, Zhao Bing realized that the experience and knowledge in his previous life were not enough, so he had to concentrate on studying the classics and history that he hated the most in the past. In the past two years, his travel notes and geography at his bedside have been replaced with historical books of history to draw experience from it. With so many years of teaching by famous teachers and his ability to understand beyond ordinary people, he still gained something after concentrating on it.

The problem of such strict discipline is difficult for him. Among these six articles, except for the first one, which targets local tyrants and limits the polarization between the rich and the poor, the other five are targeted at the county magistrates 2,000 stones. There is no policy or countermeasures from the upper and lower levels. Local officials are not allowed to commit public and private affairs during the administrative process, they are not allowed to abuse punishments on the people, create unjust cases, and they are not allowed to buy and sell official positions, and embezzle and accept bribes. One of them also includes the children of the county magistrates 2,000 stones. In other words, if the children of cadres use their parents' power to commit crimes, they are within the scope of supervision. Compared with the time of Emperor Wen, the power has been expanded.

"Your Majesty seems to have other ideas about the position of governor of Han, and he thinks it is not beneficial to national governance." Ying Jie's stern words seemed plain, but anyone could hear it, and he raised new questions.

"Not bad!" Zhao Bing answered very simply, and did not deny his opinion. "Emperor Wen and Emperor Wu set up a governor as the governor to supervise the local area. At that time, the country's social unrest was unstable, local tyrannical tyrannical people, county magistrates were tyrannical, and the powerful were even more unlawful. There were Huns outside, and natural disasters occurred frequently and group incidents in society continued. Faced with such a situation, the governor had to be sent to patrol the subordinate counties."

"At the beginning, the governor had no fixed capital, nor his own subordinates. However, with the development, the governor not only had a fixed capital, but also had his own subordinates, and also interfered with the administrative affairs of the county magistrate in the local area. Xue Xuan, the chief censor of Emperor Cheng, mentioned the reasons for social instability at that time in his memorial: The officials were often harsh in politics, the political and education were chaotic, and they were mostly blamed on the governor of the ministry, or did not follow the presidency, and each made mistakes with their own intentions. They often had affairs with the county and county, and they opened private doors, listened to slander and slander, so as to seek the faults of the officials and the people, condemned and subtle, and were not responsible for their responsibilities. The county and county were forced to push each other, and they were also circulated by others, which showed their harm."

"When the governor directly interferes in the affairs of the county magistrate and directly interferes in the administrative affairs of the county, then its behavior is far beyond the scope of the inspector, and it naturally becomes a first-level administrative agency at the county level or above. Once the situation is formed, the function of the governor as a supervisory agency gradually disappears and has become an administrative agency at the county or above. The governor and the county magistrate become a community of interests. Moreover, the area controlled by the governor of the prefecture is much larger than that of the county. Once the imperial court has internal divisions and contradictions, the control over the local area will decline, the prefecture and the court will inevitably have a situation of being too big. Therefore, I think this is the way to destroy the country!"

"What Your Majesty said is exactly. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Ling of Han changed the governor to the prefecture in the fifth year of Zhongping in the fifth year of the Han Dynasty. Liu Yan and others served as the prefect of the prefecture as the prefecture in the court. At that time, Liu Yan was the Taichang minister, and he was the governor of Yizhou as the envoy of the military supervisor. The Taifu Huang Wan was the governor of Yuzhou, and the Zongzheng Liu Yu was the governor of Youzhou. After the rebellion of Dong Zhuo, the court split, and the prefecture in various places became princes and kings in various places, and the prefecture in various places could also be inherited by father and son. As Liu Zhao said in the notes of "Book of the Later Han Dynasty": Yan Mu Yitu made the emperor and subjugated the Min and E; Yuan Shao took Ji and wrote down the books in Yan and Shuo; Liu Biao and Jingnan were the suburbs of heaven and earth; Wei Zu occupied Yan and then formed the imperial business. The destruction of the Han Dynasty was the source of disaster." Liu Fu nodded and quoted the classics and according to the classics.

"Well, at that time, the county was small and there was a certain restraint between counties, so it was difficult to dominate the country. When the state had a large territory and the state's status was high, the state's governor was in control of the local military power, regime, financial power, and civil judgment power, the court's government orders were naturally left behind. The problem that was left was that the heroes were divided and competed for the Central Plains, and who would win the destiny!" Zhao Bing nodded, but thoughtful.

He suddenly thought that the situation of local separatist due to the increase in power of the prefectures in the late Han Dynasty was eventually caused by the increase in power of the prefectures. Later, the evolution of the functions and status of the governors and governors of the Ming and Qing dynasties was actually the gradual evolution of the supervision system into a new administrative system, and the final failure was not lost. Once the situation was disturbed, the relationship between the central and local governments would change. The Boxer Rebellion and the Southeast Mutual Protection of the Boxer Incident, Cixi could only admit the fait accompli, which prepared conditions for the independence of various places after the Wuchang Uprising of the Xinhai Revolution.

After the Revolution of 1911, the idea of ​​autonomy in the province rose, and eventually the civil war ended the situation of warlord separatism in various places and realized the unity of the country, so that the unification and stability could be returned. Therefore, history repeated again, once again narrowing local administrative institutions, rebuilding the centralized supervision system over local areas, and thus strengthening the centralized political model. This is almost a circle that China's two thousand years of history is difficult to break out of and has been repeatedly circulating.

"Using history as a lesson, we can tell the rise and fall of the world." Ying Jieyan spoke again at this time, "Emperors of all dynasties are well aware of this. When officials are high and their power is heavy, the court often cannot command it. Its own system and can cover the sky with one hand. How can we control it? Taizu established a country, divided the world into roads, prefectures, prefectures, counties, roads are divided into commanders, supervisors and warehouses, and roads are all assigned by the court to serve as officers, and they are supervised and checked and balanced each other, so as to avoid the occurrence of the Han and Tang separatist disasters. Your Majesty must also take it as a warning and must be investigated!"

"Yeah." Zhao Bing looked at Ying Jieyan. The old man's hair and beard were now white, and it was hard to find a black one. His eyes were as bright and deep as when he first met, and his wisdom was full of insight into everything. But today there was melancholy and worry. At this point, he no longer understood the intention of the two of them coming, which was to pretend to be stupid. He was coming to persuade him by using the rewards and orders to persuade him.

"Your Majesty, Emperor Wu of Han established the thirteen governors, but his position was not high, but he could balance the county magistrates who had a 2,000-square ration. Although there were disadvantages, the process of inspection along the way had some deterrent and restraining effects on the administration of local officials, which made local officials somewhat restrain. Among them, there were also those who were not afraid of the powerful and noble. After becoming two governors, they were quickly promoted to county magistrates with 2,000-square ranks. Therefore, they worked very hard when they were in the ministry, such as Zhu Bo and Zhai Fangjin, who were promoted in this way, but they were among cruel officials. Your Majesty could have some insights from it!" Ying Jieyan also looked at the face of the little emperor, and saw his face changing, he realized that he should understand what he meant.

"I understand!" After Ying Jie said sternly, Zhao Bing was stunned for a moment before answering. He could have heard the old man's words at first as a reminder and advice, but at this time he had the intention of warning.

Zhao Bing has been an emperor for so many years. He knew that when a king could not deal with so many powerful figures in power alone, he would support the little figure to rebel and let the little figure act as a pry stick to observe the big figure's movements: if the big figure is restrained and obedient, then he would stop here; if he is disobedient, then let the little figure interfere and suppress the big figure's majesty. The little figure has the support of the king and is fearless, and can understand the king's intentions and do his best. The king can use this relationship to seek a balance of the power structure.
Chapter completed!