Chapter 510 Artificial Transmutation of [Nuclear Engineering]
~Date: ~October 10th~
【Second update today】
As the Chinese Empire, which contributed the most, the Chinese Empire only required two gold mines, the Ellandslan gold mine near Johannesburg and the Hrutford gold mine, which produced only a total of 900,000 ounces of gold per year. Just these two inconspicuous gold mines surprised all countries.
What is certain is that all countries are very happy because they thought the Chinese Empire would occupy at least half of South Africa's gold mining areas and were ready for a long-term negotiation war. However, the unexpected concessions of the Chinese Empire made all countries relieved, especially the UK obtained the largest gold mining area, which was grateful to the Chinese Empire. The Chinese Empire took the opportunity to announce that this move was to maintain harmony and friendship among the members of the League of Nations. International public opinion also praised the Chinese Empire's generosity and highly praised the Chinese Empire for its sacrifice.
However, is this really the case?
The answer is obviously no.
At this time, Johannesburg was not the famous Golden City later. Only a small part of the two Ellandslan gold mines and the Hrut Fry gold mines were mined. At this time, mineral deposit experts believed that the gold mines here would only be exhausted for a few years. Only Wang Chenhao knew that as the pillar sign of the Golden City, there was also a huge gold vein connected to a length of 122 kilometers, a width of 17 kilometers and a depth of 5 kilometers. It was also the highest quality in the world. It must be estimated that the gold reserves were 11,000 tons, which would become the world's largest gold mine in the next fifty years. Because it was separated from the above small veins by a layer of gravel rock that was more than 100 meters deep, it would not be discovered.
It was precisely because of Wang Chenhao's insistence that the Chinese Empire wanted nothing else, just these two small gold mines and the mining rights of the entire Johannesburg region. No one knew the treasures below, so no one opposed it. It was not until many years later that the two gold mines of the Chinese Empire developed into huge gold mines with an annual output of 5 million ounces and 3 million ounces respectively that countries knew the huge wealth there. They regretted it so much that their intestines were blue.
Of course, in addition to gold mines, the army also divided diamond mines. Originally, the Chinese Empire did not intend to occupy the big head. All countries may have been embarrassed to allocate gold mines, so they gave the Chinese Empire the big head in the distribution of diamond mines.
The countries participating in the war formed diamond investment companies and directly monopolized the mining and cutting sales of diamonds in South Africa. The Chinese Empire obtained the largest 20% stake. More than 30 other countries divided the remaining 80% of the shares.
Of course, the Republic of South Africa also obtained some shares. But I was very dissatisfied. I just dared not protest because there were too many enemies and once they got angry, the Republic of South Africa would face more than 40 countries. It was equivalent to declaring war on the whole world. Therefore, the Republic of South Africa had to suffer a loss and look forward to a favorable opportunity to turn things around.
In this way, the member states of the League of Nations divided South Africa's gold and diamond mineral resources, and at the same time implemented ten years of trust in South Africa. During the ten years, the United Nations will gradually return the rights to the Government of the Republic of South Africa as the situation occurs.
Although there are a series of hidden dangers behind the rapid economic growth of the Chinese Empire, this does not affect the overall economic development of the Chinese Empire. Such strong economic growth of the Chinese Empire is the result of the combination of resources and technology, the integrated American-style resource explosion and German-style technological explosion.
After thirty years of predatory expansion, the Chinese Empire's path to develop the economy has achieved great success, and the path to developing the economy in science and technology has also been smooth.
Before the war, only 30% of the scientific creations and inventions in the world belonged to the Chinese Empire every year. Basically, foreigners invented in China or bought out by the Chinese Empire from abroad. The Chinese's own scientific creations and technological inventions accounted for less than 10% of the results. Although the results were not satisfactory, there was no way. After all, the backwardness of the late Qing Dynasty severely damaged talents, which made the Chinese Empire, which had just been established, not much foundation.
However, the Chinese Empire used huge war reparations to invest in education and scientific research, popularized sixteen years of undergraduate education, established the China Baoxing Award and other huge prizes to support scientific research and development and technological creation, and introduced high-tech talents from abroad as mentors to cultivate the Chinese's own scientific research and technical team. Thirty years of hard work finally achieved a great explosion after the war.
As of the 27th year of Guanghua, the statistical results released by the Ministry of Education of the Empire of China showed that all the population under the age of 40 in the Chinese Empire achieved compulsory education, and the population over the age of 50 had basically received compulsory education through re-reading, night schools, etc. Although most of the population over the age of 60 were only literate and had the lowest level of education, they were basically in non-working states such as retirement and retirement, which did not have an impact on the social productivity of the Chinese Empire and could be ignored.
It can be said that under the popular undergraduate education system of the Chinese Empire, the grand goal of universal education has basically achieved. Among other countries in the world, Germany, the most developed education, has not achieved compulsory education. The popularity rate of national education is only 70%, and the primary school culture is mostly different from the popular undergraduate education of the Chinese Empire.
In the 27th year of Guanghua, the Chinese Empire had more than 300 doctoral degree awarding institutions, and more than 130,000 doctoral students in the school. The scale of doctoral student training ranks first in the world, far exceeding the second place in Germany (12,000). The proportion of undergraduate, master and doctoral students in the Chinese Empire was 36:4.2:1. Compared with European countries, Germany, which has the most advanced education, has only reached the level of 10 masters and 1 doctoral student training, while the 4.2 masters and 1 doctoral student training in the Chinese Empire.
Large. In addition, the Chinese Empire hired a team of professional mentors composed of top scientists from all over the world, and the huge financial support has enabled the training quality of doctoral students in the Chinese Empire to be graduated. In the 27 years of Guanghua, the Chinese Empire has more than 200,000 master students, and more than 2 million graduate students. As for undergraduate and junior college students, due to the establishment of tens of thousands of colleges and popular education, the qualification assessment of students is no longer so strict. It must be estimated that the number of students is around 18 million every year.
The Chinese Empire invested the highest in education in the world. From the initial stage of hundreds of millions of dragon coins to the 27th year of Guanghua, the fiscal appropriation of the Ministry of Education had reached 3 billion dragon coins every year compared to the huge amount of funds, but the pressure was directly allocated by the central government, but the pressure was rising year by year. The central government could no longer solve the problem. For this reason, starting from the 27th year of Guanghua, the Chinese Empire transferred the 12-year compulsory education grant to local finance to resolve the problem. The central government was only responsible for four years of compulsory education in universities.
Even so, the huge amount of compulsory education funds made the central and local governments of the Empire tightened the finances, so the cabinet finally introduced a new policy to explain it to the people. The source of education funds is a strategy of taking it from the people for the people. The Imperial citizen tax project has added a tax project for children. The tax is calculated based on the years of work of citizens. 10 yuan is deducted as an education fund every year, and the total income of citizens with an annual income of less than 120 yuan and families with a total income of less than 240 yuan will be exempted from this tax.
In this way, the Chinese Empire will receive 4 billion dragon coins in fiscal revenue every year by collecting education taxes. Not only can it continue to maintain the compulsory education system, but the extra funds can also be rolled into the education fund to reward students with excellent academic performance and improve school teaching facilities and teachers' salaries, killing multiple gains at one fell swoop.
It is precisely because of the huge compulsory education system of the Chinese Empire that the Chinese Empire achieved great scientific research and academic achievements in the early 20th century.
As of the 27th year of Guanghua, the Chinese Empire's scientific research and technological innovation achievements accounted for 70% of the world's share, and the huge accumulation of knowledge has exploded. Most of the scientific research and academic achievements have been applied to economic development and have become one of the main driving forces for the strong economic growth of the Chinese Empire.
Among the 13 inventions and creations in 9 fields of Guanghua’s 26 years, Chinese scientists won all of them for the first time, and 16 world-class scientific masters were born.
Among them, the most eye-catching one is Dr. Zhang Klin from the Beiyang Nuclear Physical Engineering Laboratory of the Chinese Empire. Dr. Zhang Klin, who was only 42 years old, was fortunate to become Madame Curie's chief assistant and made outstanding contributions to nuclear physics engineering.
Zhang Kelin entered the Beiyang Science and Technology Physics Laboratory at the age of 30, and initially worked as an inconspicuous laboratory equipment custodian. However, facing a large group of famous physicists from all over the world in the physics laboratory every day, he studied humbly and soon became Rutherford's assistant and worked under his guidance.
In the 20th year of Guanghua, Rutherford had just succeeded Thomson as the director of the Nuclear Physics Laboratory for a year. Zhang Kelin obtained a master's degree in physics from Beiyang University and continued to engage in scientific research in the Beiyang Science and Technology Laboratory. Zhang Kelin's important contribution to science was to improve Wilson's cloud chamber and photography technology, and created the automatic counting control cloud chamber photography technology. With the help of it, he made many important discoveries to study cosmic rays. Under Rutherford's guidance, Zhang Kelin was able to establish a new school of cosmic ray research with a group of foreign researchers, opening up a new field of physics.
Soon, Zhang Klin's talent was recognized by Madame Curie. At that time, Madame Curie was presided over the research of nuclear physics engineering. Zhang Klin received a notice from his superiors that nuclear physics engineering must ultimately be in the hands of the Chinese. After he learned that His Majesty the Emperor of the Empire attached great importance to this matter, he fantasized about being lucky to be received by His Majesty the Emperor one day, so Zhang Klin had a huge motivation and took the initiative to ask Madame Curie for work. Madame Curie then handed him the research on the artificial transformation of the atomic nucleus.
Artificial transmutation is artificial inducing nuclear reactions, which was originally a phenomenon discovered by Rutherford in 1919. In the 24th year of Guanghua, Zhang Klin used his improved cloud chamber to photograph a low bombardment of nitrogen nuclei, which is an energy absorption reaction. According to the mass loss, q=1.18 (mex) can be calculated. These results prove Rutherford's analysis in 1919. The artificial transmutation of atomic nuclei laid the foundation for artificial new elements. As we all know, the heaviest element in nature is the radioactive element uranium, which is element No. 92, and the chemical elements after No. 92 were generated through artificial transmutation. Now 107 elements have been arranged in the periodic table. With people's continuous in-depth research, more new elements will surely be manufactured through artificiality. It is precisely because of Zhang Klin's outstanding contribution in the field of physics that the Royal Academy of Sciences of the Empire of China decided to award him the 1926 China Baoxing Physics Award.
The success of Zhang Kelin's artificial transformation experiments was self-evident in the importance of nuclear physics engineering in the Chinese Empire. Since then, the research on nuclear physics in the Chinese Empire has entered the most critical moment, which is how to use this artificial transformation energy absorption reaction to control the huge energy released during the u235 nuclear fission, thus laying the theoretical and technical foundation for the establishment of the protection facilities of the nuclear reactor. Soon, Zhang Kelin was summoned by Wang Chenhao alone, and he also participated in the research and experiment of nuclear weapons. The Chinese Empire's nuclear weapons program also took a great step.
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Chapter completed!