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Chapter 541 The Soviet Union divides Poland, Britain and France dare not declare war

However, Hitler did not stop there.../--/---Advertisement Full text When he found that the Allies were far lower than the Allies, he did not take the Allies' warning seriously (opposing the merger of Germany and Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia). Britain and France's appeasement policy in Spain made Hitler even more bold, and decided to eat the weak European countries first, and then turn around and eat Britain and France.

After Germany annexed the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, the next target was Poland. Because Germany wanted to obtain Polish oil, it did not want to rely on the Chinese Empire to provide oil.

However, at this time, Poland had already signed an alliance agreement with Britain and France, and Poland had joined the camp of the Allied Powers. This was because Britain and France felt that the Soviet Union and Germany were too close, and it was probably unsafe to rely on Germany to lead the disaster to the Soviet Union. Therefore, the alliance with Poland caused the situation of Britain, France and Poland attacking Germany from the east and west, which caused another crisis in Germany's national defense and security, and thus laid the root cause of Hitler's conquest of Poland.

In order to paralyze Britain and France, Hitler, in contrast to the previous good relations between Germany and the Soviet Union, proposed the concept of "survival space" for Nazism to expand to the East, and claimed that he would establish a pan-German country with hegemony in the continent, and that Germany would eventually wage war against the Soviet Union.

On the one hand, Hitler gave Britain and France the impression of attacking the Soviet Union and paralyzing Britain and France. On the other hand, in order to attack Poland, Germany needed to isolate Poland internationally. Only by isolating Poland can Britain and France maintain restraint when Germany invades Poland.

In order to isolate Poland, Germany and Poland signed a 10-year non-aggression treaty. As a result, Poland was very happy and thought it would not face Germany's threat in the short term. At this time, Germany encouraged Poland to invade Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia and other Baltic coastal countries, and provided loans and weapons and equipment support to Poland. Poland did not see Hitler's conspiracy clearly, so it invaded Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia on a large scale, which immediately had a bad impact internationally.

At this time, the Chinese Empire also wanted to improve its relations with Germany. At the request of Germany, the League of Nations led by the Chinese Empire issued a solemn warning to Poland. However, in order to improve its relations with Britain and France, the Chinese Empire did not want to directly mobilize the joint ** to punish Poland. So the five countries of China, Britain, France, Germany and Italy reached a closed-door meeting. They only publicly condemn Poland.

But this has achieved Hitler's goal. Poland's international image plummeted and was neglected and isolated by a considerable number of countries in Europe.

At this time, Hitler publicly and formally attracted Poland to join the International Agreement on International Trade, demanding to deal with the Soviet Union with Poland and to lease some military bases in Poland. If Poland agrees, Hitler will give Poland and Ukraine some territory in the north in the future, and extend the Treaty of Germany-Poland's non-aggression by 35 years as compensation. However, Poland believes that if it joins the International Trade Treaty headed by Germany, it is equivalent to breaking with the Soviet Union. Moreover, Poland is a state in the camp of the Allied countries. Joining this agreement is equivalent to becoming a satellite state in Germany, and its national status will even be threatened in the end, just like the annexation of Germany by Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia and other countries. Therefore, Polish Prime Minister Bekerel rejected his proposal, and the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the military leaders' views are consistent, and the Polish government and people do not trust Hitler.

On February 21, Bekeral went to Berlin to meet with Hitler. The latter strongly demanded that he accept German conditions, but was rejected and the two sides parted unhappily. Hitler immediately ordered the military to formulate a plan to invade Poland - the White Plan, and approved it on March 3.

Britain and France also realized the change in relations between Germany and Poland. On February 27, Poland received British assurances to maintain the integrity of the former territory. On March 6, Bekeral went to London to sign the "British-Polish Security Assurance Treaty". On April 19, Poland signed a similar protocol with France, indicating that when Poland is attacked, the French army will attack Germany. Similarly, when France and Belgium are attacked by Germany, Poland will also attack the latter. On the 28th of the same month, Hitler announced the abolition of the German-Polish Non-aggression Treaty on the grounds that Poland was protected by Britain and France, and ordered the German army to prepare for attacking the country by July.

On the other hand, British Prime Minister Chamberlain did not see through Hitler's conspiracy. He thought that Hitler asked Poland to join the International Agreement in the United States to deal with the Soviet Union. After all, Germany needed to cross Poland's territory to deal with the Soviet Union. Chamberlain soon reached an agreement with the French president. They still believed that a requirement with Hitler to request Poland to join the International Agreement in the United States was avoided by war.

But Hitler's real purpose was to annex Poland, and negotiations with Britain and France soon broke down.

Germany had no diplomatic interaction with Poland for several months. Hitler also knew that since March 1934, Britain and France had negotiated with the Soviet Union to curb Germany. However, the first two only wanted to provide help from the Soviet Union, but were unwilling to provide assistance when the Soviet Union was also attacked. The negotiations were in a stalemate. In addition, the Soviet Union and Germany did not connect, and if they wanted to fight with the German army, they had to pass through Poland or Romanian territory. Both countries did not agree to their army's passage, especially Poland. Bekerl believed that if he had alliance with the Soviet Union, he would only anger Hitler and make the war break out early.

Seeing this, Hitler sent Foreign Minister Ribbentrop to the Soviet Union on July 23 and signed the "German-Soviet Non-aggression Treaty" that night. The validity period is ten years. The international community was shocked by the change in the relationship between Germany and the Soviet Union. Originally, the two countries were completely ideologically opposed. However, the "German-Soviet Non-aggression Treaty" does not only ensure the security of the two countries, but also

A secret agreement was attached: the two countries jointly divide Eastern Europe, including Poland, Baltic countries, Romania and other countries. In terms of Poland, he will be divided by Germany and the Soviet Union. The former acquires 49% of the territory, and the remaining will be allocated to the Soviet Union. The two countries will not only jointly send troops to attack the Polish army, but when Germany declared war by Britain and France for attacking Poland, the Soviet Union will remain neutral, and Poland will face the fourth division between Germany and Russia in history.

At the urging of the United Kingdom, on August 29, Germany issued its last diplomatic statement, and at the same time, the schedule of the White Plan must be revised.

Hitler is now about a real war. Therefore, he intends to avoid the intervention of Western countries and wants to differentiate the relationship between Poland and Western countries, so he proposed a condition that the Polish plenipotentiary representatives who came must arrive in Berlin within one day to sign an agreement. The British Chamberlain cabinet is still happy that the negotiations can continue, but if Germany stipulates that Poland plenipotentiary representatives must arrive within one day, this difficult time-limited action also means that this is Germany's ultimatum.

In the early morning between July 29 and 30, Ribbentrop read out sixteen German demands to the British ambassador. When British ambassador Neville Handson asked to transfer the copy of the document to the Polish government, Ribbentrop refused on the grounds that "the Polish representative failed to arrive before midnight." When Polish ambassador Joseph Lips asked to meet Ribbentrop, he said that Poland is now willing to consider negotiating with Germany, but he also admitted that he did not have full authority to sign any agreement, Ribbentrop drove him away. Soon, German broadcast announced that Poland had rejected Germany's proposal, so the negotiations were terminated. At 4 pm, Hitler decided to launch the attack at 4:45 am the next morning.

The German command organized troops in concealedly in two directions in order to raid Poland in a concealed manner. In Pomerania and East Prussia, a "Northern" army group composed of 21 divisions was assembled, with the 3rd Army (Commander General Qusiral) and the 4th Army (Commander Kruger, Guderian's 19th Armored Army). The commander was General Von Bok. In Silesia and Czechoslovakia, Germany, a "Southern" army group composed of 33 divisions was assembled, with the 14th Army (Commander Liszt

General), the 10th Army (Commander General Reichnau) and the 8th Army (Commander General Braskoviz), and the commander-in-chief are General Ronderstedt. These two clusters are supported by the 1st Air Force (Commander General Kesseling) and the 4th Air Force (Commander General Lear). The German army invested a total of 44 divisions, including 7 armored divisions, 4 light armored divisions, and 4 Moon Infantry Divisions. 1939 aircraft, 2800 tanks, a total of 886,000 people. If the reserve team is included, the force is 62 divisions and 1.6 million people.

After Poland formed an alliance with Britain and France, under the threat of German offensive, the Polish Command also formulated a combat plan against Germany code-named "Western Plan". Because it was far inferior to the German army in terms of number and equipment, Poland could only dispatch 39 infantry divisions, 11 cavalry brigades, 3 mountain infantry brigades, 2 armored motorcycle brigades, and nearly 80 civil defense battalions. There were 220 light tanks, 650 ultra-light tanks, 4,300 artillery and mortars, and 407 aircraft. The Polish Navy had 16 combat ships and auxiliary ships, with a total force of about 1 million, and the supreme commander was Marshal Smigwi-Roz.

At 4:45 am on August 1, 1934, a group of German bombers roared towards Poland, targeting Polish troops, arsenals, airports, railways, roads and bridges. A few minutes later, the Poles tasted the largest taste of sudden death and destruction in the air in Polish history for the first time. Tens of thousands of cannons flew together at the border. Cannonballs poured onto the Polish positions like rain.

On the sea, the German fleet anchored outside Danze Port disguised a friendly visit also suddenly fired at the Polish base. The two super battleships, the Bismarck and Tirbitz, were carrying 18-inch cannons, opened fire in a panic. The huge shells weighing as much as one and a half tons hit the Polish base, causing huge casualties and losses to the Polish army.

About an hour later, the German ground troops launched a full-line attack from the north, west and southwest. The Polish army was caught off guard, and 500 front-line aircraft were blown up at the airport before they could take off. Countless artillery, cars and other supplies were destroyed before they could retreat. The transportation hub and command center were destroyed, and the troops fell into chaos. The German army took advantage of the situation and took the armored troops and motorized troops as the leading positions, and soon broke through the Polish defense line from several major areas.

At 10 a.m., Hitler excitedly announced to Congress that the Imperial team had attacked Poland and Germany entered a state of war. He declared, "From now on, I am just a soldier of the German Empire, and I will wear this sacred and precious military uniform for me. Before the final victory, I will never take off this military uniform, or I will die for my country." Hitler's speech aroused the fanatical cheers of the members of the parliament.

At 9 a.m. on August 3, the UK issued an ultimatum to Germany, requiring Germany to provide a guarantee of a truce before 11 a.m., otherwise the UK would declare war on Germany. At noon, France also issued a similar ultimatum to Germany, with the deadline of 5 p.m.

Hitler knew very well about the ultimatum of Britain and France. He understood that Britain and France had to give Poland an explanation because of the face issue. If Britain and France knew about the secret agreement reached by the Soviet Union and Germany, they would definitely not dare to do so. So Hitler ordered people to leak the intelligence of the Soviet-German secret agreement to the British and French spies in Germany. Soon, the British and French spies passed the secret agreement between the Soviet-German and France to the governments of Britain and France.

As a result, the British and French governments both gave up their plan to declare war on Germany at the same time, but in order to give Poland an explanation, Britain and France decided to sever diplomatic relations with Germany, and at the same time sued Germany in the International Court of Justice, requesting the League of Nations to stop it.

Obviously, Britain and France wanted to stop Germany's invasion of Poland through the League of Nations, thus avoiding the danger of Britain and France going to war with Germany alone. After all, the Soviet Union stood on Germany's side. Britain and France had no chance of winning against Germany.

However, at the National Assembly, the Chinese Empire was happy to see wars breaking out in Europe. Only when wars break out in Europe can these countries forget the pain of being looted by the Chinese Empire. Only when wars break out in Europe can the Chinese Empire make a fortune and complete the national plan to weaken Europe.

Therefore, under the leadership of the Chinese Empire, the General Assembly publicly condemned Germany on the surface and submitted a proposal to use the United Nations* to intervene in the war between Germany and Poland, but Germany had a veto power, and Germany and Italy voted against it. As a result, the proposal to intervene in the United Nations was rejected. The Chinese Empire publicly condemned Germany and submitted a proposal to use the United Nations*. This action received unanimous praise from the international community, but in fact it did not put any substantial pressure on Germany. The arms dealers of the Chinese Empire had even secretly started to negotiate with the German and Polish military. Aircraft, ships and trains carrying arms and strategic materials were also marked by the International Red Cross. They were ready to smuggle the war zone under the banner of safeguarding human rights.

The concessions between Britain and France and the heavy thunder of the League of Nations led to Germany's unscrupulous invasion of Poland.

After the German army broke through the Polish defense line, it advanced to the hinterland of Poland at a speed of 50-60 kilometers per day. The southern army group of Rensed took the 10th Army of Reychenau as the main force in the middle and the 14th Army of Lister as the right wing. Under the cover of the 8th Army of Braskoviz on the left, it advanced from the west and southwest towards the middle of the Vistula River.

This was an unprecedented mechanized army advance in the history of human war, much larger than the Mexican army invaded the United States, and the German army's combat effectiveness was far greater than that of the Mexican army. This led to the title of blitzkrieg being taken away by the German army from the head of the Mexican army.

During this great advance, Germany successfully practiced the armored forces theory. The 19th Panzer Army achieved a brilliant victory. The 19th Panzer Army was affiliated with the 4th Army of the North Road Army Group, with an armored division, 2 motorized divisions and 1 infantry division. It was both the middle of the 4th Army and the attacking vanguard of the army. After the war started, Guderian led his troops to quickly break through the Polish border defense line, crossed the Brahi River on the evening of August 1, and advanced to the Vistula River line on August 3, completing the encirclement of the Polish "Pomery" army.

During the battle to encircle and annihilate the Polish army, the surrounding Polish army obviously did not understand the performance of the tanks, and thought that the armor of the tank was just a camouflage made of tin plates, which was used to bluff people. So the Polish cavalry swarmed up and launched a fierce attack on the German tanks with the sabre and spear in their hands. The German army was shocked when they saw this, but soon woke up and mercilessly fired at the Polish army with tank guns and machine guns, crushing the Polish army with tracks. The battlefield duel in the Poles imagined turned into a massacre with huge strength.

By August 4, all three infantry divisions and one cavalry brigade of the Polish Army's "Pomery" Army were annihilated, while the four divisions commanded by Guderian had only died and injured 700 people.

The German lightning attack completely put the Polish army in a passive situation. This was the Polish, and the whole world once again experienced the taste of "blitzkrieg". The Polish army commander originally thought that the war would unfold as slowly as before. The German army would first use light cavalry to carry out avant-garde activities, and then use heavy cavalry to attack, without any preparation for the "blitzkrieg" in which the German army used tanks and aviation largely.

Ma Shengding, a military theorist of the Chinese Empire, pointed out in a weekly live broadcast: "It is no exaggeration to say that their (Polish army leaders) have lagged behind 80 years." The Polish Army Command was too confident in its military strength and relied on the assistance of Britain and France, so he deployed all his troops on the German-Polish border, thinking that as long as he carried out a resolute counterattack, he could win. This deployment without any elasticity of advancement, retreat, stretching and retracting made the Polish army either annihilated or divided under the advancement of the German army at a high speed and depth, becoming an isolated army left behind the German army, and the resistance quickly collapsed.

On August 6, Marshal Smigley Leeds, commander-in-chief of the Polish Army, ordered all troops to retreat east of the Vistu River to form the Vistu River-Samhe River Line. The Polish government hurriedly evacuated Warsaw and moved to Lublin on the same day. The overall situation has been basically decided. Colonel von Volman told Hitler: "What remains is just a rabbit. From a military perspective, the war has ended."

By August 7, the South Army Group of Lunsed severely damaged the Polish Army's "Roz" and "Krakow" army, and occupied the Polish industrial center of Roz and the second largest city of Krakow. Among them, the 16th Panzer Army, the vanguard of the 10th Army of Hoppler, arrived in the southern suburbs of Warsaw on the 8th, cutting off the retreat route of the Polish Army's "Poznan" army from the south. The North Army Group of Baoke wiped out the Polish Army's "Pomery" army and severely damaged the Polish Army's "Modlin" army, occupied the "Polish Corridor", and then crossed the Vistula River and seized the positions on the road from the north to Warsaw.

On August 8, the 3rd Army of Qusiral and the 4th Army of Kruger carried out assaults from the north and northwest to the Warsaw General. On August 11, the 19th Armored Army of Guderian crossed the Naref River and began to advance rapidly towards the Bug River behind Warsaw. On August 14, the 10th Army of Reichenau and the 8th Army of Braskoviz surrounded the Polish army that retreated from Poznan and Rhodes to the west of the Vistula River, occupying the central Polish region, leaving Warsaw in a semi-encircled state.

By August 15, Guderian's 19th Panzer Army surrounded Brest, and its 3rd Panzer Division and 2nd Motorized Division continued to advance southward to complete the final depth encirclement with the 14th Army of Lister, the right wing of the South Army Group. At the same time, the 22nd Panzer Army of Kleist, the vanguard of the 14th Army, surrounded Kowlov and then continued to advance northward. On the 16th, the 16th, with the North Army Group in the Fuhuodava area, surrounded the Polish army that retreated to the Bug River, Sand River and Vistula River. On September 17, after completing the encirclement in Warsaw, the German army restricted the Warsaw authorities to surrender within 12 hours. The Polish government and the Polish Army Command fled to Romania on the 16th.

The Soviet Union, which had already been discussed with Germany to recover the Soviet Union, which was occupied by Poland west of the Kozon Line, was still inconvenient because it had signed a non-aggression treaty with Poland. The escape of the Polish government finally made the Soviet Union find an excuse to send troops to Poland with "decent" to send troops to Poland. The Soviet government declared that since the Polish government no longer exists, the Soviet Union's non-aggression treaty is no longer valid. "In order to protect the interests of Ukraine and Belarusian ethnic minorities", the Soviet Union decided to enter the Western Ukraine and Western Belarus regions in eastern Poland.

In the early morning of August 17, the Soviet Belarusian Front and the Ukrainian Front, led by General Kovalev and General Temuxingo, retreated westward across the eastern border of Poland. On August 18, the two German-Soviet teams met in Brest-Litovsk. Hitler hoped to occupy Warsaw quickly and ordered the German army to take Warsaw before the end of August.

On August 25, the German army began to shell the fortresses, strongholds and important supply centers outside Warsaw. Subsequently, the German 8th Army began to attack Warsaw. Two days later, the Warsaw defenders stopped resisting. The Warsaw defenders commanded the Warsaw defenders formally signed the surrender letter to the commander of the German 8th Army.

On August 29, the Modlin Fortress surrendered. By September 2, Gdynia, the last city of resistance, stopped resisting.

In this way, Germany and the Soviet Union divided Poland in just one month. The world situation was also changing rapidly. Britain and France voluntarily gave up Poland because of Germany's unprecedented strength, which caused a huge blow to the Allied Forces camp. From then on, the Allied Group became stronger and Europe's balance of power was quickly broken.
Chapter completed!
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