490 Spring comes with rain and dew as wide as the sea (1)
In early June of the 19th year of Chongzhen, the war between Liaodong and Yunnan and Guizhou was still in a stalemate.
Compared with Liaodong's continuous increase in troops and wages to transport cannons and gunpowder, Zhu Cilang is more worried about Yunnan.
First, Zhang Xianzhong gave up Chongqing and entered Guizhou, and then his adopted son Zhang Dingguo (Li Dingguo) and Zhang Wenxiu (Liu Wenxiu) led his troops to Yunnan to expand his momentum. Sichuan general Liu Zongmin took the seal of the General Pingxi, led Zhongzhen Camp to chase into Yunnan and Guizhou, and defeated the Xian bandits in a timely manner.
Yunnan seems to be on the border, but its silver output accounts for half of the national silver output. The almost stingy crown prince really couldn't stand such a treasure land being reduced to the enemy. However, the combat effectiveness and fighting will of the Zhongzhen Camp are still worrying, and perhaps they still have the intention to raise the enemy's self-respect, so the war in Yunnan and Guizhou has been delayed for a long time.
Fortunately, Yunnan and Guizhou are located on the plateau, with barren land and insufficient food to support too many people, which also ensures that Zhang Xianzhong cannot expand his army and will not cause the situation in the southwest to become corrupt.
In the central government, a total of 500 students from Henan Administration College, the first and second periods were divided into the class of the sergeant subjects according to their test scores, and more than a dozen diligent people were selected from the class of the sergeant subjects and promoted to the class of the Wenhua Palace. The temporary organization of the East Palace servant room quietly withdrew from the stage of history after a short period of three years. I am afraid that history students will only accidentally touch it when writing papers in the future.
This time, the Wenhua Palace servants selected have another common feature, they are all people who have work contacts with the Ministry of Revenue. Zhu Cilang allocated more time to instill various economic concepts with them, as the new force of the upcoming monetary reform. Now, as the pioneer general of Zhu Cilang's currency reform, he is an unknown little chief, Jiang Chen.
Jiang Chen was from Tongcheng, Anqing Prefecture. Later generations of Anhui came from Anqing and Huizhou. In that place, the most were writers and merchants. Zhu Cixuan was not interested in Jiang Chen's literary talent, but his thoughts on the national economy can still be seen from the "Three Proposals of the Football and the National People's Republic of China" submitted by Jiang Chen.
"Your Highness, if you want to make money, your skills are indeed not a problem." This is the second time that Jiang Chen has been on the legendary platform. During the Chongzhen Dynasty, the platform summoned special questions about the emperor, full of opportunities and dangers. For example, Yuan Chonghuan soared into the sky here, was unparalleled by the emperor's robes, and was extremely favored; he was also arrested here, sent to the imperial prison, and was buried in the city.
"During the Wanli period, the red ink overprinting method has spread in Jiangnan, and the colors are distinct. Nowadays, few people can do four-color overprinting. Banks only need to buy back the workshop that can perform four-color overprinting. It is strictly forbidden for people to use overprinting methods other than red ink overprinting. There is no need to worry about the issue of forgery." Jiang Chen said.
Zhu Cilang nodded: "I have asked Shaanxi and Suzhou to try ink and cotton paper respectively, so it shouldn't be too late."
"This is more reliable." Jiang Chen said with peace of mind.
Anti-counterfeiting of paper currency and circulation of paper currency are twin brothers. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, severe punishments were used to suppress counterfeit coins. Zhu Cilang not only had to kill counterfeit coins from a legal perspective, but also had to be a technical monopoly. Thinking about his previous life, the country had to control even color copiers in order to prevent counterfeit coins, not to mention that this era has not yet achieved obvious technological differences.
The advanced four-color engraving method, banknote paper made of cotton wool as material, and ink configured with tar are from the highest level of confidentiality technology in three provinces, and three-pronged approaches to minimize the possibility of manufacturing counterfeit coins.
Especially for ink in Shaanxi, its raw material is petroleum. The tar left after the refining of hot tinder cannot be found elsewhere, and it belongs to the materials controlled by the court. The amount must be included in the book. Except for banknote factories and printing factories controlled by the court, which can obtain ink, folk printing workshops cannot obtain it unless they are willing to spend a large amount of funds to study coal tar.
Control of ink will affect the promotion and popularization of metal movable type printing, but compared with the further explosion of culture, paper money is obviously more important. Zhu Cixuan sometimes even felt the need to take all printing workshops into public ownership, just like the country in his previous life. But considering the boycotts of the people in Jiangnan, he finally put this plan behind.
"The scope of the banknotes must be controlled at the beginning. Credibility is the first priority. It is better to be slower than to be quick!" Zhu Cixuan cared for.
Jiang Chen felt that the crown prince was too cautious about paper money, and the circulation range was too narrow, which could not reflect the superiority of paper money. Such a powerful weapon should be taken to Nanzhi to throw it in large quantities and exchanged for silver... However, the scope designated by the crown prince was: military officials and criminal officials, as well as a small number of officials.
Zhangjiakou belongs to the "special zone" and is the only place where private vendors may exchange for banknotes.
Zhu Cilang was self-aware. First of all, his economic and financial knowledge was not enough to be his own, and he served as the father of currency. Secondly, the social impact brought by currency is too huge, and the issuance of currency must be strictly controlled. Although he could memorize the formula for calculating the issuance of the issuance, namely: dividing the total commodity price by the average number of currency circulations in the same unit of currency, he could not figure out how these two key values came from.
The army was relatively closed, and soldiers did not retire or were unable to see their own money due to injuries and transfer, so they used money and used money as the same as the money. Zhu Cixuan decided to set up a special store in the army first, collect only money, so that the soldiers were used to shopping with money and established confidence in money. As the power that was most loyal to themselves, the soldiers should have the least resistance and doubts about money.
The criminals received living expenses in the form of food coupons from the beginning and exchanged them for food directly. There were no major flaws or omissions. Now they use money to pay half a salary. For them, if the money can be used, it will be a benefit. If it cannot be used, there will be no loss for themselves. They will continue to suffer their lives and wait for the day of escape from the crime, so the criminals will not be too exclusion.
Finally, there are a few officials from the Eastern Palace servants.
They were originally a small intellectual class, and they could never imagine wearing official robes under the Ming system. These people had a certain inertia following the crown prince. Even if they did not trust paper money, they should trust the crown prince. Even if they did not trust the crown prince, they had to act as trust and support. With money, they could give priority to buying carriages and flat glass, a small amount of official kiln porcelain, and affordable grain, which should be enough for them.
Just to ensure their enthusiasm for doing things, Zhu Cixuan still decided to pay the bills in the form of bonuses, and other salaries remain unchanged. This is also the practice of the state: officials' salaries include silver, physical goods, and a small amount of treasure money.
There are a large amount of accumulated goods in Zhangjiakou to meet the necessary factors in the circulation link, so it belongs to the special zone. After the merchants sold daily necessities such as grain and cloth, they collected banknotes and instead spent them in Zhangjiakou to exchange for cheap goods they needed. There is no risk, but confidence is established in this cycle.
"Your Highness, can you notify the prefectures and counties across the country in advance? Even if they cannot see the banknotes, they should have an impression to avoid future losses." Jiang Chen said.
If a businessman takes the money out of Zhangjiakou and goes to the local government to pay taxes, it will be safe if he can successfully pay it. If the local government does not recognize the money, it will be a big trouble.
"After the sample bill is ready, each county can issue one set to give it a foundation in the county." Zhu Cilang said: "You can ask Yao Tao for some people, but you have to train some people yourself. The presidents of the 13 provinces of the Ming Dynasty, and the presidents of the fifteen branches must carefully identify and determine the candidates."
The branch is located in the provincial governing department, and there are branches and business offices below. How to ensure the abundant human resources is the biggest problem. Jiang Chen looked solemn, bowed slowly and said that he took on this heavy task. As for asking Yao Tao for help, Jiang Chen thought about it, he would forget it. The young female official protected her nest even more than the hen who protected the nest, and she could not allow anyone to poach anyone with a skill from her hands.
Maybe you can consider the account of Xishang.
Jiang Chen made his ideas on those accountants who were sent to the hard labor camp. Zhangjiakou had a huge amount of goods transactions, and of course there were a sufficient number of accountants and apprentices who met the needs of the social ecological. These people are not unfamiliar with numbers and rules. They can be activated with just a little training, and it is a waste to enter the hard labor camp.
The bank that has not yet been named is a first-level yamen in the ministry. Using these prisoners will inevitably hurt the court's face. Moreover, they do help the evil and deserve it. It is unreasonable to reduce the crime and exempt the punishment because of his skill. What's more, even if he wants it, he may not be able to dig people from the hard labor camp.
The hard labor camp also requires a large number of literate people to handle daily affairs and will never let go easily. Moreover, before Jiang Chen, the newly dispatched commissioners of the Ministry of Revenue to Zhangjiakou had already targeted these people, as well as shopkeepers and friends, who were used to register the stolen goods that were eliminated and set prices. The crown prince said that the goods would be sold at a low price to merchants who transported grain, but did not say that they would be sold at a low price.
What the entire empire lacks now is not food, silver, cloth, population... but the population that can serve in public affairs. A new batch of specialized schools were soon established in Shuntian Prefecture. In addition to the current scarce accounting, law and administration majors, there are also secretarial majors with wider applicability and weaker professionalism.
As early as June last year, when Henan Administrative College started school, Zhu Cilang was quite excited and fantasized about how many talents he could gain in a year. However, now, he found that the cultivation of talents did not rise in a step-by-step manner, but gradually entered a bottleneck. After a group of seedlings that could be educated, a gap appeared.
This gap is the population trough caused by national turmoil. The number of children of appropriate age has dropped sharply, so it is difficult for villages and counties to recruit students. Some people even think that opening schools in each village is a very wasteful thing. Moreover, after the national stability, the rapid education method cannot be adopted for a long time. It is still necessary to slow down the training speed so that the next generation of the Ming Dynasty can grow fully and vigorously.
Chapter completed!