An error occurred while processing s private file

The ultimate goal of Changsun Kangning's financial reform package is to make the reform of taxes and corvee eventually integrate taxes and labor, and taxes and labor collection will be completely monetized, and the currency will be unified into silver... If this reform is successful, the circulation of currency will increase, the monetary status will become increasingly important, and the monetary system will be more complete, which will greatly promote the development of industry and commerce.

The reform of the tax system and monetary system paves the way for the development of industry and commerce, and the prosperity of industry and commerce will further promote the development and improvement of the tax system and monetary system. Only in this way can the reform plan of the court be successful and the Sino-Turk economy embark on a path of healthy development.

When Dong Xiaohou watched it for the first time, he didn't understand it.

The tax system of this dynasty adheres to the two tax laws since the Tang Dynasty. It was originally converted from physical tax to monetary tax. However, because the currency is difficult to unify and other various reasons, this monetary tax is actually converted into physical tax, or is mainly collected in physical tax.

The currency of this dynasty varies from place to place, including iron coins, copper coins, and iron and copper. In the northwest and other places, silver silk is used, while Sichuan, Shu and southeast are also supplemented by Jiaozi. In addition, in order to ensure the quantity of iron and copper, local currencies are generally not allowed to be issued in various places.

As for gold and silver, because they are precious metals and have a small quantity, they are prohibited from circulation as currency under normal circumstances. The emergence of Jiaozi and Jiaozi Shop and the subsequent Jiaozi system were born in response to the inconvenient transportation of iron and copper coins and the difficulty of circulation of local currencies.

Jiaozi is a paper currency, and it is obviously unrealistic to be the unified and circulating currency. Iron and copper coins, as the currency of all dynasties, can indeed be the only circulating currency, but whether it is iron coins or copper coins, it is difficult to ensure consistency when minting. Once a financial crisis occurs, iron and copper coins will inevitably have problems. In addition, the industry and commerce of this dynasty have developed, and a large amount of currency is needed in circulation, and the weight of iron and copper coins will immediately become a problem. Therefore, at this time, Changsun Kangning proposed that using silver as a unified currency is indeed a solution. Silver has all the advantages of acting as a currency, but unfortunately, the amount of silver is too small and cannot meet the needs at all. This method is actually just a fantasy and has no practical value.

Dong Xiaochou couldn't figure it out, but since Changsun Kang Ning worked hard to come up with such a method of change, it would never be nonsense. Dong Xiaochou then read it for the second time and read it very seriously.

This time, he realized his reputation.

It is a fact that silver is already a matter of being used as a circulating currency. It is also a fact that silver is the best and only circulating currency. Therefore, the monetization of silver is definitely the ultimate goal of monetary system reform. However, if this goal is to be achieved, it is a long and gradual process, and this process may take at least a hundred years.

First of all, China-Turkey must be stable and stable to promote. Only by promoting economic development can the currency be unified; second, the tax system must be continuously reformed, and the two tax law converts physical tax into monetary tax "converted by money", and the future reform direction of the tax system is real monetary tax; third, the monetary system must be reformed, and the direction of reform is to gradually change from the use of iron, copper, silk, silver, Jiaozi and other currencies to silver currency as the main, supplemented by Jiaozi, and other currencies as appropriate; fourth, the amount of silver must be increased, and the increase in the amount of silver is nothing more than two ways. First, the efforts to mine, and the second is to expedition and plunder.

Social stability and national unity are the basis and prerequisites for any change. Only when the country is stable and people's livelihood can production be restored and the country can reserve a large amount of physical goods. Sufficient national physical reserves are the basis for monetization of taxes and service.

At present, the world is divided into three parts. If the country wants to unify, it must fight, and if it wants to fight, it must be money and food. Among them, money is secondary.

Food, silk and other materials are the top priority. With the sharp decline in tax revenue, most of the required Western Expedition comes from credit loans from wealthy merchants and wealthy merchants, but the wealth of these wealthy merchants and wealthy merchants is limited after all. Now that the Western Expedition is successful, the court has the ability to speed up the pace of unification and urgently needs a large amount of money and grain. How to resolve this contradiction?

As for the areas actually controlled by the Chang'an court, Sichuan, Jingxiang, Jing, Jing, Xi, Guanluo and Central Plains were all wealthy areas, especially Chengdu, Hanzhong, Xiangyang, Nanyang and Luoyang, which were among the top wealthy cities, and were not affected by the war. There were many big landlords, big workshop owners, big merchants, and big guild wealth in these places, and there were countless small and medium-sized landlords, merchants and wealthy people, and the wealth contained in them was immeasurable.

The court's finances cannot improve in the short term. Continuing to lend money will only aggravate the financial crisis. What's more serious is that the wealthy merchants and wealthy merchants in the United Chamber of Commerce no longer have more grain, silk cloth and other materials to lend money to the court. For this reason, Changsun Kangning suggested that small and medium-sized landlords and wealthy merchants ask for food, silk cloth and other materials from small and medium-sized landlords and wealthy merchants, and other materials should be monetized, and land tax will be reduced to silver.

The dynasty's three major taxes are: land tax, household tax and commercial tax. Among them, land tax is the basic tax of the country, and the collection of land taxes has always been in physical goods such as rice, wheat, silk, and cloth. This dynasty's land is free to sell and land annexation is serious.

From the central government to local governments, from bureaucrats to merchants, they all purchase land. Not to mention the various disadvantages of tax evasion, just for grain, silk cloth and other crops, land owners hoarded a large amount because that was wealth. Especially in the war years, the value of grain, silk cloth was particularly high, far more valuable than gold, silver, iron and copper coins.

The monetization of land tax and the money of land tax is to let the land owner pay tax with money and pay tax with silver. If there is no silver, the land owner pays tax with iron and copper coins, which forces the land owner to take the food, silk and other crops in the market to trade in exchange for currency to pay tax.

Grain and silk cloth have been put into the market, promoting commercial transactions and commercial taxes can increase revenue. More importantly, the circulation of money has increased, and the increase in the circulation of money has helped the reform policy of the monetary system to quickly enter the implementation stage. What is particularly important is that it can allow the court to directly buy food and other materials from the market, solving the urgent need. The court can borrow money from merchants, so the Jiaozi system can be further developed, and the circulation of money has become larger. The continuous increase in the circulation of money has not only helped the reform and development of the monetary system and the Jiaozi system, but also helped to promote the development of industry and commerce.

This policy is currently fully qualified for implementation. There are many disadvantages to the collection of physical taxes.

We all know that agriculture is greatly affected by natural factors, which will lead to the contradiction of "the tribute is not what is produced, and what is produced is not what is tribute". For example, a certain place in Kunshan County, Suzhou Prefecture, Jiangnan Province is not suitable for grains, and a variety of local cotton is used for textiles. However, a certain amount of rice must be paid as land tax according to regulations. As a result, the people have to buy rice to pay for taxes, and the people are trapped. From the perspective of land tax transportation, land tax is transported by the people, which is long and consumed, and the round trip labor costs are too great. As for the storage of tax grains in land taxes, the storage of tax grains is more restricted by objective conditions, and the waste is even more amazing. In terms of tax distribution, it is mainly to provide palace consumption and bureaucrats and military salaries, but the physical goods of the traditional tax department obviously cannot meet the increasingly complex needs from the emperor to the army. In addition, corruption in the collection of physical taxes is also very serious.

The land tax can not only allow the court to obtain urgently needed war materials such as grain to meet the needs of the state's fiscal expenditure, but also quickly implement policies to speed up the recovery of the economy. It can also eliminate waste, corruption and other drawbacks in collections. In addition, it can effectively alleviate the actual difficulties of the people in the process of paying taxes and grains, and ensure national tax revenue. It can be said that it can be said that it will win multiple goals in one fell swoop. The flexibility shown by monetary tax is incomparable to in-kind taxes.

.However, the amount of silver is definitely insufficient and not enough to be used. If it is achieved overnight and all the land tax is collected, it will inevitably lead to a situation where the goods are cheap and the silver is expensive, which will affect the situation.

The basic status of traditional agriculture has triggered a serious social crisis. Therefore, before silver became the only circulating currency, the land tax and silver exchange process were implemented, and the currency and physical objects were coexisted, and the currency such as silver, copper and iron, and the rice, wheat, silk and other materials were coexisted.

Changsun Kangning suggested that the land tax and silver be exchanged in two steps. The first step is to collect land taxes with currency and physical goods. When the monetary system reform gradually succeeds and silver as the main circulating currency, the second step is to completely monetize land taxes.

The monetization of land tax has prompted land taxpayers to place agricultural products and physical land rents on the market in exchange for currency in order to pay taxes, which obviously accelerated the commercialization process of agricultural products such as grain. The collection of silver on land tax makes currency gradually the only basis for measuring treasury income. Traditional values ​​will be seriously shaken, and the people will inevitably "do not value land, seek profits from the end, abandon Confucianism and business, and have it", and the country's economy will become more and more prosperous.

The monetization of land tax has in turn had a huge stimulus effect on the commodity monetary economy, which can promote the rapid development of industry and commerce and promote the prosperity of the entire Middle Earth.

With the unification of Middle-earth, national stability, economic recovery, agriculture, and surplus in handicraft production

The gradual increase in surplus labor, especially the expansion of production scale and the frequent social exchanges, will make the social wealth proliferate faster and faster, and industry and commerce will gradually get rid of the traditional situation of relying closely on state power and financial resources and embark on the path of independent development.

In addition, as the status of money in social and economic life is increasing, once silver officially participates in commodity circulation as a general equivalent, it will quickly penetrate into all areas of social life, dragging all classes of the entire Middle Earth into the vortex of commodity currency economy to varying degrees, and the development of industry and commerce will no longer be stopped.
Chapter completed!