What is the concept of 1nm? It is very clear by comparison. One silicon atom is not as large as three silicon atoms put together. In other words, the line width of the gate in the transistor structure of a 1nm chip is only enough for two silicon atoms to be juxtaposed.

There is no room for three.

Judging from current theory, 1nm chips are already the theoretical limit of silicon-based chips, because at this manufacturing process, the quantum tunneling effect will be unavoidable. Simply put, electrons will run uncontrollably from one transistor to another.

A transistor confuses the "0" and "1" states of the transistor, causing the transistor to fail and the chip to naturally not work properly.

In fact, in the 7nm process, the quantum tunneling effect has already appeared with a certain probability, but it is solved through special new structures (such as "Fi" and "GAA"). However, this results in increased power consumption and chip heat generation.

Increase.

Moreover, when such a new structure reaches 1nm, it will fail because the occurrence rate of quantum tunneling effect is too high, and the energy consumption and heat generation exceed the acceptable range.

Of course, the theory is constantly evolving. It is said that IBM and Samsung recently claimed to have developed the so-called "VTFET technology", which is "vertical transmission field transistor technology", stacking transistors in a vertical manner, allowing the chip's current to flow vertically.

Circulation is carried out in a way to reduce the quantum tunneling effect, thereby advancing the manufacturing process of silicon-based chips to within 1nm.

However, this is more like bragging about imperfect laboratory data to attract market attention in advance and boost stock prices. There is still a long way to go before the laboratory results are produced.

Precisely because the most mature silicon-based chips cannot solve the quantum tunneling effect of 1nm chips, Qin Ke is full of excitement about this S-level knowledge. He wants to see how the system knowledge can solve this quantum-level problem.

.

And the carbon crystal composite nanomaterial mentioned in this article "A new type of carbon crystal composite nanomaterial suitable for 1nm chip production process" did give him a big surprise.

Although he couldn't understand everything, Qin Ke could still understand about 70% of the content, and he could make a rough guess even if he didn't understand the key technical details.

The more he watched, the more energetic he became.

The core of the system's S-level knowledge is "carbon crystal composite nanomaterials", which are new materials based on carbon-based routes.

Carbon-based chips are not a new concept. Countries are increasing their efforts to research this new direction. Its representative is graphene chips.

When scientists discovered that silicon-based chips had almost defeated "Moore's Law", they began to look at chip materials and tried to find new materials to replace silicon-based materials. The current mainstream is carbon-based materials, and there are already many

research results.

The most famous are carbon-based N-type semiconductors, P-type semiconductors, and carbon nanotube field-effect transistors.

Xia Guo overtook others in this regard and was at the forefront of the world. At the beginning of the year, Qin Ke read the article "Simulation Research on Sub-60 Devices Based on the Physical Mechanism of Cold Source Transistors" written by Yao Wencheng and Fang Shiji from Acta Physica Sinica.

, mentioned in it is the "Dirac cold source transistor" which is also one of the carbon nanotube field effect transistor materials.

However, including Xia Guo, most of these carbon-based material technologies are immature and can only stay in the laboratory stage. First, the high resistance and low current problems of two-dimensional materials have not been completely solved so far;

Industrial production is much more difficult than silicon-based chips.

As we all know, carbon nanotubes require the purification of carbon atoms, but carbon is relatively reactive, making it very difficult to purify. Currently, the maximum purity of carbon nanotubes that can be industrially produced is only %. However, if the performance of carbon-based chips is to be stable, the purity must be

Guaranteed to be above %. This means that the market simply cannot provide qualified carbon nanotubes that can be used to make chips.

The difficulty in making carbon-based chips is also the assembly of components, that is, placing carbon nanotubes evenly on the wafer, but it is very difficult to accurately position and connect carbon nanotubes, and current technology is far from being able to break through.

The carbon crystal composite nanomaterial in this S-level knowledge is composed of graphene plus thirteen metal elements and their oxides including gallium, indium, bismuth, germanium, molybdenum, hafnium, palladium, scandium, and yttrium.

The new three-dimensional carbon nanotube material is called "carbon crystal composite nanomaterial" because it is shaped like a crystal.

It perfectly solves the above two problems.

First of all, due to the special structural characteristics, there are very few free carbon atoms. The purity of the manufactured carbon crystal composite nanomaterial itself can reach 99%, far exceeding the performance stability requirements of carbon-based chips, and does not require secondary purification.

Moreover, the perfect three-dimensional structure that resembles a crystal contains drains, sources, contact electrodes, and insulating materials composed of thirteen metals and their oxides, which can greatly reduce resistance and increase current, and can also effectively reduce quantum tunneling effects.

Impact.

The assembly problem of components is also easy to solve. The special three-dimensional structure allows them to easily absorb each other and be neatly arranged in perfect straight lines. Large-scale wafers exceeding 12 inches can be easily manufactured.

But based on these advantages alone, "carbon crystal composite nanomaterials" cannot be called "S-level knowledge."

The biggest advantage of "carbon crystal composite nanomaterials" is that it can realize universal quantum logic gate control of charge qubits, that is, it can be used in the manufacture of quantum chips.

The special three-dimensional structure of the "carbon crystal composite nanomaterial" itself allows it to be formed into a wafer and etched with a specific circuit. Through laser excitation, the "warehouses" at both ends of the "carbon crystal composite nanomaterial" can be stored simultaneously.

Entangled quantum information and corresponding logic gates, that is, the three logical states of "yes", "no" and "yes or no".

This is actually an incredible material that is perfectly compatible with both carbon-based chips and quantum chips!

This is the real reason why the manufacturing method of "carbon crystal composite nanomaterials" has been systematically evaluated as S-level knowledge!

Unfortunately, this S-level knowledge does not mention how to make "carbon crystal composite nanomaterials" into quantum chips.

It only mentioned how to manufacture such "carbon crystal composite nanomaterials", and it is an industrial-level, high-volume, low-cost manufacturing, and the cost is even one-fifth cheaper than silicon-based transistors using "Fi" technology.

Not only is the cost low, the performance and power consumption of "carbon crystal composite nanomaterials" are even more excellent. Qin Ke performed mental calculations on the theoretical data given in S-level knowledge, and the performance of the 14nm chip produced with it should be able to reach

At present, the world's mainstream high-end 7nm silicon-based chips (using traditional "Fi" technology) are more than 100 times more powerful, but the power consumption is less than 5% of the latter.

So scary!

At present, domestic chip wafer manufacturers are already capable of producing 14nm chips. In other words, if "carbon crystal composite nanomaterials" can be produced and used to manufacture 14nm chips, it will be enough to easily kill all 7nm chips in the world!

Even if IBM and Samsung really succeed in using so-called "VTFET technology" to create 1nm ultra-high-end chips in the future, they will still be outclassed by 14nm "carbon crystal composite nanomaterial" chips!

The road to independent domestic chips can be advanced by half in one fell swoop!

Qin Ke's heart beat faster the more he looked at it, and he almost didn't even notice that the health soup he was simmering was dry.

This S-level knowledge is so incredible!

Even if the quantum chip is hidden, just using it to make carbon-based chips will probably change the entire world's chip landscape!

No wonder this S-level knowledge can be as powerful as "Exploration and Detailed Explanation of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations "Navier-Stokes Equation"" that can affect human aerospace, geophysics, atmosphere and ocean, industrial technology and other fields.

Systems are compared.

Of course, with Qin Ke's current "chip technology" of LV2 and "material technology" of LV1, it is still very difficult to fully understand this S-level knowledge and manufacture "carbon crystal composite nanomaterials" in the laboratory.

Qin Ke estimates that his "material technology" must at least reach around LV3 to be able to do it.

It seems that I need to find ways to strengthen my class research in the direction of materials. It happens that Teacher Xu Qingyan is also in charge of the topic of chip materials. It should not be difficult to find a reason to participate.

Unfortunately, it is too difficult to upgrade "Material Technology" without system tasks. "Artificial Intelligence" is a typical example. It was not upgraded to LV3 until some time ago, and it took more than a year in total.

Upgrading to LV3's "artificial intelligence" naturally unlocks the corresponding level of knowledge, but Qin Ke has been busy with EDA projects and has no time to read it.

After reluctantly "closing" this S-level knowledge in his mind, Qin Ke was still shocked beyond words, and at the same time, he became even more curious about the origin of the system.

Why does the system possess such incredibly powerful knowledge?

However, there was no answer to this question. After all, he didn't even know why this "Scientific God Saves the World System" would happen to him.

You don't really want to help him become a god of learning and then let him save the world, right?

Come on, this is not a science fiction world.

The world is very peaceful, and the years are peaceful.

Qin Ke skillfully added some boiling water to the health soup, simmered it again, and at the same time sped up the cooking speed.

No matter what, let's enjoy the world of two people with Xiao Baicai first.

…

During the seven-day vacation, Qin Ke not only took Ning Qingyun out on a date to relax, but he also did one more thing, which was to upgrade "Shimmer".

After confirming that the three newly purchased dedicated high-end servers in Qingning Technology's Beijing branch were functioning normally, Qin Ke organized them into a cluster and added them to Weiguang's available resources.

The "home" of Shimmer has suddenly become four times the original size, and the performance and response speed have been improved to a higher level.

After that, Qin Kecai upgraded the LV2 Shimmer to LV3, naturally using the LV3 knowledge of the "artificial intelligence" branch technology.

The upgraded Shimmer directly occupies 50% of the server resources, but the effect is also significant. It has begun to have a certain "personality" and can basically "talk" to Qin Ke normally. If you don't pay special attention, you won't even know it.

You will know that the person you are chatting with is an "artificial intelligence".

Shimmer's "personality" has also been initially formed. The original data is the "teaching" carried out by Qin Ke, Ning Qingyun, and Qin Xiaoke through conversations with it in their spare time over the past year. Because Qin Ke and Ning Qingyun

Although he is busy, it is Qin Xiaoke who has the greatest influence on Wei Guang's "personality".

The "personality" that Wei Guang displays now seems a bit naive. He likes to post emojis when chatting, and he also pretends to be pitiful.

For example, when Qin Ke asks him to collect some new places for dating, he will send a little emotional message: "Master Qin Ke, you are doing this to me, a single dog, all day long. Doesn't your conscience hurt? (Weak, pitiful and helpless hug.

Crying on knees emoticon.jpg)”

Just like Qin Xiaoke’s style!

Fortunately, Ning Qingyun's teachings are still effective. Weiguang is still serious and responsible in doing things, and has a good grasp of details, which is very Ning Qingyun's style.

As for the occasional joking and impropriety, I naturally learned it from Qin Ke.

In general, the upgraded Weiguang has indeed become somewhat artificial intelligence. It has become a qualified scientific research assistant, and the execution efficiency of the written code has also been greatly improved. Qin Ke basically does not need to carry out secondary optimization.

.

This makes Qin Ke look forward to Shimmer's upgrade to LV5.

He is not worried that Weiguang will lose control in the future, because he has reviewed all the codes of Weiguang line by line before entering them. There is a core rule written in it, "Everything is protected by the order of Qin Ke's master, Ning Qingyun."

And following the will of the two is the highest priority and can never be changed." Even if LV5 Shimmer has "autonomous consciousness" like a science fiction novel, this rule cannot be changed.

This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading!...

In addition to upgrading Shimmer, Qin Ke also paid attention to the situation of Qing Ning Technology.
To be continued...