China's railway in Central Asia Province only has a large Northwest railway network extending over. The railway connecting Almaty is not enough, and there is no railway network formed. The remaining highways are in poor condition because they are all emergency repairs, and many sections of roads do not meet the standards of China.

China has very strict construction standards in roads and railways, especially in order to adapt to wartime requirements, this standard will be more stringent. This is also the reason why Yekazelina Krimova and Wang Dashan feels very stressed, because the higher the standards, the less manpower and professional and technical personnel are needed.

There are also many problems in restoring production and building cities, which fall on the verbal problems of millions of people who have just moved to Central Asia Province, and there are many difficulties.

However, the British India was a mature colony that had ruled for more than half a century, so there was no such problem. The British's transformation of the Indians can also be said to be an unprecedented success!

Yekazelina Krimova, Qiu Yun, and Katherine also received a telegram from the President's Secretariat.

Yekazelina Krimova and Qiu Yun were not sure about the movement to eliminate old ideas. What is the scale and what the purpose will look like in the end. They just had a vague concept, so they did not take it as a big deal. They thought it might be similar to the previous several rectification work within the Chinese army, but this time it was mainly aimed at local cadres.

Catherine didn't have such an idea. In Catherine's opinion, it is not difficult to solve the hoarding in the northwest. The local security forces used to drop a few major dens and let some large illegal vendors impose the law, and the entire region would soon restore normal food order. Obviously, the Emperor Hua wanted to take advantage of this reason to start the movement to eliminate old ideas in advance.

Catherine immediately wrote an article entitled "On the Importance of the Idea of ​​Elimination in the New Era" and showed it to Zhao Qingluo.

Zhao Qingluo has not spoken to Catherine for a while, but this is only in terms of personal conversations. Now Katherine is her team leader, and she is the deputy team leader. She must contact her for work and business.

"Is this article a bit exaggerated? Even if some of the landlords who have not transformed their ideas are hoarding, they are not to the point of shaking the Huaci Party and shaking the entire China?" Zhao Qingluo read Catherine's article and put it down. "And, you also said that you want to mobilize students and rectify the entire society. If you do so, the situation will expand, and who can control it?"

Before writing this article, Katherine had already had a prototype in her mind. She was not aimless. Before she came, Emperor Hua had already given her very clear instructions on this issue and asked her to let go. As long as she did not move the army and education, she would do whatever else she could.

"Don't worry, Your Majesty and I have reached a consensus. Now that we want to start, we must start all of a sudden and make a splash to cooperate with Your Majesty's upcoming national mobilization. We are facing powerful British and French powers, India, the Ottoman Turkish Empire supported and controlled by the British, Tsarist Russia, and the powerful European powers. It is hard to say that the Americans may also interfere in Europe and Asia. Therefore, we must have a stable rear. If we want to be stable, we must find out all those who are not firm in thinking about Your Majesty and China." Catherine said decisively.

Zhao Qingluo heard that it was Emperor Hua's instructions and stopped talking. In terms of personal feelings, she could not accept Emperor Hua, but in the entire country, with the direction given by Emperor Hua, it was a sea of ​​swords, fires, oil pans, and everyone had to move forward, and there was no hesitation at all.

"Since it is your Majesty's instructions, I can't say anything. I originally came to cooperate with your work, but I personally do not agree with your method. Should I take it step by step and control what happened in the northwest first. Why do you mobilize students nationwide? Is it too wide?" Zhao Qingluo asked.

"If we don't do this, how can we form a national chess game? Although it is a situation that happened in the Northwest, the purpose of our movement is not regional, but aimed at the country and all classes. This is a universal and comprehensive rectification work." Catherine replied.

Zhao Qingluo was speechless. She didn't understand the purpose of Emperor Hua's doing this very much, nor did she support it very much, but she could not object unless she stopped being a Chinese.

"Sign it, I hope this is issued by the two of us. After reporting it to His Majesty, you can post it." Catherine said.

Zhao Qingluo signed his name and sighed: "I don't object, but I still retain my own opinion. I think this is too radical."

Catherine smiled and said nothing, and asked the secretary to send it to Europe to the President's Secretariat, and asked someone to talk to Liu Yuqing. Catherine was ready to go to Xi'an to stay in the northwest.

Catherine didn't plan to stay in Xi'an alone. She planned to go from northwest to southwest, then from southwest to southeast, and finally to central China, return to Beijing, and take a full tour.

Although Emperor Hua did not clearly give the end time, Catherine believed that if His Majesty had to go to war with the British at the end of this year, the best time to start the movement and end the movement is from now to the middle of next year, one year or a half, anyway, it cannot be until 1881.

Emperor Hua read the article posted by Catherine and then showed it to Princess Katrina Kaif.

Princess Katrina Kaif frowned, "It's very radical, your majesty."

The cute CEO had no expression on his face. This was his own meaning. Katherine understood it very accurately. Even if he asked him to write it himself, he probably meant it. However, when he finally made a decision, he felt so difficult.

Because at the beginning of this movement, the focus must be on China. Emperor Hua loved the people in China very much, including the landlord class. He had always wanted to guide the landlord class to the path of capital, but the change of thought and traditional changes did not only exist in Emperor Hua's mind. When it was really done, it was still inseparable from some power. It was obviously not enough to rely on guidance alone.

Why it is impossible for Ming or Qing to develop into a capitalist country? As for whether it declines in modern times, it is hard to say. The key lies not in capitalism, but in the industrial revolution.

The main characteristic of capitalism is that private ownership, which has both private ownership of capital and can freely control these capitals. For the purpose of capital proliferation, free labor is hired to produce, and the production is dominated by the capital owner.

In the market, economic activities are carried out based on supply and demand relationships, with the purpose of pursuing the maximum profit.

However, no era in traditional Chinese society has the conditions to form this model.

The government is highly centralized, without the spirit of contract, does not protect private property, and private capital cannot complete the original accumulation. There is no mechanism for checks and balances of power, and highly centralized countries are accustomed to interfering in economic activities in accordance with political principles. The huge small peasant economy is difficult to disintegrate, and cannot disintegrate.

Because in the pre-industrial era, the capitalist production model could not digest a large amount of free labor and would only form a wave of refugees.

There is a lack of ways to spread capital, because there is no new technology to promote the emergence of new industries to provide higher profits, and commercial capital lacks other ways to proliferate, which eventually converts into agricultural capital and returns to the small peasant economy.

China is dominant in East Asia, and its strength, resources and population are huge, self-sufficiency, and without the need for transactions, it cannot promote the development of business.

Lack of precious metals, backward financial environment, monetary system and fiscal system.

First of all, capital in capitalism refers to private capital, while authoritarian centralized states such as the Ming and Qing dynasties never respected or protected private capital, because no force can check and balance the exploitation of private capital by the authoritarian government.

After the collapse of Rome, European society existed in the form of feudal society for a long time. Under such a state, no country could achieve unity of power. The monarch, aristocrat, and citizen groups were evenly matched and checked and balanced each other. No one could enjoy power alone, nor could he impose his will on the other party. The result was that everyone had to negotiate and cooperate and take care of each other's interests. Under such conditions, a contract spirit was formed.

The powers of China, Ming and Qing dynasties all came from the central government and the emperor, and there was no sharing and checks and balances of power.

Therefore, there is no negotiation condition. If you want to tax it, you don’t have to negotiate with you. Huge wealth itself means power, and the expansion of private capital will inevitably cause the authoritarian government to panic, and then kill you before you are strong enough to challenge it.

Therefore, capital owners cannot compete with the government, either cooperate with the government to become official capital or comprador, or go bankrupt and perish during exploitation.

No one can truly complete the original accumulation of private capital, let alone the spirit of power sharing and contract. Private capital is at most the emperor's shepherd, and if it is fattened, it will be cut off.

More importantly, those deprived private capital will not be used for economic production in the hands of authoritarian governments, nor will it be able to complete the original accumulation, but will be used to fight wars or buy luxury goods, and will be squandered.

The most typical example in Europe is Spain. It first completed centralization. Although it discovered the Americas and accumulated a large amount of gold, these wealth were not used by private capital to develop the economy, but were spent by the palace to buy British cotton cloth, which resulted in promoting the development of the capitalist economy in Britain.

This is true in Spain, let alone a conservative agricultural country like the Ming Dynasty.

To develop capitalism, we must first realize the original accumulation of capital, so that wealth and means of production can be quickly concentrated in the hands of capitalists. The original accumulation method is two: one is to make money, that is, business, and the other is to rob, that is, to plunder. And what about the Ming Dynasty?

Suppose that Emperor Hua was reborn at this time not at the end of the Qing Dynasty, but in the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, everyone closed down the men and women weaving, and there was no need for too many transactions. Therefore, the domestic market was small and could not make a lot of money. The court and the Mongolians engaged in border trade cooperation, but they would never make money when doing business with the Mongolians. They were on credit, and if they didn’t give credit, they would play with you.

Needless to say, foreign trade is banned, and if you go out, you will be Japanese pirates. But you still can't resist the temptation of profits. You finally went back to save some money, but you were not caught, you made a fortune, and you made some money, and you still went out to seek death? If you have money and your life is valuable, you won't go out to work hard.

The most profitable thing in domestic investment is selling salt, but you have to buy salt from the country, and the country still has the big one.

Finally, after all, investing in this country, the safest way is to make money. The safest investment channels are all agricultural economy, coupled with the traditional national policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, as well as political risks. Therefore, before the late Qing Dynasty, I could only buy houses and land to be an official, so commercial capital finally returned to the land to support the capital.

The merchant class eventually transformed into large landlords, which instead consolidated the old order of agricultural society.

As for foreigners who wanted to talk about equal trade with the Celestial Empire, it was even more impossible. At that time, foreigners could not defeat the Ming Dynasty and could only do business with the coastal merchants. The court could not control it. They turned a blind eye. Later, in order to solve the living problems of the Fujian people, they opened a month to allow Fujian to conduct foreign trade. Mexican silver flowed into China continuously in this way, but in the end they were replaced by land, buried underground, or made into handicrafts.

In Europe, due to the numerous countries and no one can truly be self-sufficient, there is a huge international market, and active trade demand continues to stimulate business development. Spanish tyrants brought gold from the Americas to buy British fabrics, and Dutch middlemen were trafficked from it. The inflow of capital ultimately stimulated the development of commerce in various countries, and development brought greater demand. New demand provided new investment channels for capital, and eventually formed a virtuous cycle.

And this is something that a huge self-sufficient Chinese empire does not have. Without demand, there is no way to talk about development and plunder. From the history of Europe, it either plunders peasants internally or plunders externally. Behind both are the call of a market that desires wealth!

In order to expand production and then earn capital, the former is to directly grab capital. After grabbing it, invest and earn money.

A static agricultural empire like the Ming Dynasty was both rich and lacked internal and external competition, and had no motivation to go out to plunder. The country's main obligation was to provide disaster relief and keep small farmers from going bankrupt.

Without the support of market demand and the protection of private capital, commercial capital has no way out and can only return to agriculture in the end. Let alone primitive accumulation.

The development of capitalism requires the cooperation of the state. Both Britain and the Netherlands encouraged the development of commerce and overseas trade, encouraged the proliferation of private capital, and forced farmers to go bankrupt in order to expand production to provide free labor. The government benefited from the proliferation of private capital through taxation. This was simply impossible in the Ming Dynasty.

No matter which dynasty in China was in the past, as a huge agricultural country, the national tax revenue was almost entirely dependent on land tax and capitol tax, and its tax source mainly came from self-cultivated farmers, that is, small farmers!

The peasant class is the real national foundation, and the profits brought by the development of commerce were still very inferior to those of countries of the Ming Dynasty. The benefits provided by them could not interest the government. The development of commerce would inevitably drive population mobility and taxation and management difficulties. These are all things that shake the foundation of agricultural countries. In addition, the demand for freedom brought by commerce is a taboo for a strictly hierarchical autocratic country.

The economic policies of the Ming Dynasty were conservative and negative even in traditional agricultural society. There are two characteristics: one is egalitarianism: because of the disgust and reactionary towards Mongolian rule, Zhu Yuanzhang planned to "restore China" at the beginning of his founding. He expected the country to return to the situation before the Mongols' fishy pollution, so he began to restore to the ancient ideal society, and his economic performance was very negative. In order to maintain the harmony and stability of the agricultural society, he cut the meat from developed commercial areas in Suzhou and Hangzhou and filled the pits of underdeveloped areas in order to maintain the balance of the development of the entire country. What the development of capitalism requires is imbalance, allowing capital and labor to be concentrated in one place. However, under the interference of this national policy in the Ming Dynasty, all this was basically delusion.

Both the Ming and Qing dynasties gave up the management of economic order. The most important thing is the negative impact on financial management, which is mainly reflected in the minting. The amount of coins in the Ming Dynasty was very small compared with the Song Dynasty. One reason is that China lacked copper. After the issuance of paper money in the early Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty ignored the finance, so that before the large inflow of silver in the Americas, local taxes returned to the state of payment in kind, which was extremely unfavorable to the development of commercial trade.

Under the traditional idea of ​​emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, politically correct practices have always been to protect the interests of farmers, not merchants. The focus of state work has always been on the interests of small peasants. Striking big landlords, increasing tenant farmers, and allowing tillers to have their own land. This kind of benevolent government was the standard for measuring whether a court rule was successful in ancient times, and this was precisely the enemy of capitalist development.

The system established by Emperor Hua was obtained by peaceful means, and there was no war or death. This caused the system of Emperor Hua did not completely break the national and social structures in the late Qing Dynasty. Who had money, in the final analysis, or who had money. For the sake of long-term considerations and protection of capital development, the laws of the State of China protected private property, which was even more troublesome.

Even if we want to change, we can only use clever methods, and we must never use plunder!

Emperor Hua is walking alone with history. This is a very despicable thing. Emperor Hua himself knows better than anyone else. Otherwise, he will follow the normal trajectory, from primitive accumulation to economic development, it will be too late, because before you can accumulate, the guns and guns of the Japanese and the powerful have arrived.

The great powers are all desperately developing towards the empire stage. Can they still give you room for development such a backward ancient country?
Chapter completed!