Also known as "The Eight Beauties of Jinling". The deeds of the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai were first seen in Yu Huai's "Miscellaneous Notes on Banqiao" written by Gu Hengbo, Dong Xiaowan, Bian Yujing, Li Xiangjun, Kou Baimen, and Ma Xianglan respectively. Later generations joined Liu Rushi and Chen Yuanyuan and were called Bayan.

The eight of them have several similarities, first of all, they all have patriotic national integrity; except for Ma Xianglan, the eight Yans in Qinhuai, all experienced great turmoil from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. At that time, many corrupt officials in the Ming Dynasty were afraid of death and sold their country for prosperity. In sharp contrast to them, although the eight Yans in Qinhuai were oppressed at the bottom of society, they could show noble national solar terms in times of crisis of survival and death. Then, they had high attainments in poetry and painting. All of them were able to write poetry and painting, but most of them had been lost. Only Liu Rushi's works were preserved. They worked hard to create and tried to express their feelings about life.

The Palace Museum once exhibited Ma Xianglan's orchid scrolls, and the Wuxi Museum also exhibited Dong Xiaowan's butterfly picture in Nanjing; the last point is that they are very loyal to love and friendship. The eight beauties of Qinhuai were forced to go to brothels. Who had ever thought of such a laughing career? They all wanted to find a good-looking man who was in love for life, but their kindness always used love and friendship as the criteria for choosing a spouse, but they experienced ups and downs. This was certainly a tragedy of women in society at that time, and also reflected their noble qualities.

In the late Ming Dynasty, almost everyone knew the Eight Beauties of Jinling, which was famous for its appearance and talent, for its talent. At that time, there were more than a hundred and a thousand literati and poets who came to see it. The fate of many powerful historical figures was closely related to them. Beauties love heroes, and prostitutes love talented men. Their beauty not only touched ordinary people, but also made many heroes fascinated by them, and even history changed accordingly.

In the late Ming Dynasty, there were tangs and tiles in the Qinhuai River, singing and dancing, and singing all night. Among them, brothels were full of women in the world, and it became the most prosperous singing and dancing place in the Ming Dynasty. Many brothels took in virgins whose parents had both died and were lonely and helpless. They taught them piano, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, singing and dancing. When they grew up, they became the signboards in brothels. Jinling Eight Beautiful Liu Rushi, Li Xiangjun, Bian Yujing, Zheng Tuoni, Gu Meisheng, Kou Baimen, Chen Yuanyuan, and Dong Xiaowan were all raised from young prostitutes to the Qinhuai River.

Not only are Bayans all have first-class appearance and figure, but they are also proficient in poetry, singing and dancing. What is even more commendable is that they care about major events in the world, and have close contacts with Fushe literati who followed the Donglin Party, guided the country, and spoke passionately, and were truly as good as men. Among them, Li Xiangjun, Bian Yujing, Dong Xiaowan, and Hou Fangyu, among the four princes of Jinling, Fang Yizhi and Mao Xiang's romantic affairs were praised as beautiful stories by people at that time.

But I knew that the Fourth Prince of Jinling played an important role in the literary world at that time. The Fushe they established was another important politically-colored literary club after the Donglin Party. The Four Prince of Jinling was all from famous families and had first-class poetry and articles. Among them, Fang was both wise and civil and military, and made many contributions to the Ming Dynasty. He served as the Hanlin Academy of Emperor Chongzhen. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he ran to restore the Ming Dynasty, served as the lecturer of King Ding of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and the prime minister of Emperor Yongli. When the Qing Dynasty was a foregone conclusion, he actively prepared anti-Qing and restoring the Ming Dynasty. At that time, thousands of people admired his reputation and defected to him, and his grandson Fang Bao was the founder of the Tongcheng School later.

Liu Rushi, Gu Meisheng, and Kou Baimen, who were among the Eight Beauty, followed the famous historical officials in the late Ming Dynasty. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, many of the Eight Beauty were hunted down for political reasons. Chen Yuanyuan and Dong Xiaowan also appeared in the lives of powerful historical figures at that time.

At that time, the late Ming general Wu Sangui was under the command of Li Zicheng, the King of Chuang. He controlled the Great Wall fortress and resisted the Qing army, which played a crucial role. Chen Yuanyuan was favored by Xian and Wu Sangui. The two had a deep relationship. Later, another general under Li Zicheng robbed Chen Yuanyuan. Wu Sangui was obsessed with her, so he said furiously: "I have heavy troops in my hand and can't even protect a woman!" The general was furious, and Wu Sangui rose up and sued the Qing army. After all, the peasant army could not defeat the well-trained regular army. The Qing army entered the pass and annihilated it like a wind and clouds. Li Zi was successfully defeated and became a tragic hero in history. After the Qing Dynasty unified the world, Wu Sangui was named King Pan in the southwest because of his great achievements. If Chen Yuanyuan had not been robbed at that time, Wu Sangui might not have turned against each other. It is still unknown whether there would be a Qing Dynasty in history.

"Dong Xiaowan's love with Emperor Shunzhi of Qing was even more earth-shaking. When the Qing army entered the pass, Dong Xiaowan had married Mao Xiang as a good wife. Mao Xiang was one of the four young masters of Jinling, with a wealth of wealth and impeccable talent. Dong Xiaowan could have lived a happy and stable life, but he did not want to meet the soldiers of King Yu Duoduo of Henan to go to the south of the Yangtze River. He had already heard of the name of the Eight Beauties of Jinling. So he tried to frame Mao Xiang and stole Dong Xiaowan. Later, he presented Dong Xiaowan to Emperor Shunzhi. When Shunzhi got Dong Xiaowan, he was really favored. He even had a title of Concubine Dong E within half a year. But he knew that it would take at least three years for ordinary people to go from just entering the palace to being named a concubine. Dong Xiaowan was named Concubine within half a year.

It is a unique thing in Qing Dynasty. She didn't care much about all this, and only cared about Mao Xiang. This made Shunzhi even more fascinated by her and did not think about the government. King Duoduo of Yu was afraid that Dong Xiaowan would be favored and waited for an opportunity to take revenge, so he took the initiative to report to Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang to attack and frame her. Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang was finally moved and issued an order to order Dong Xiaowan to become a monk. After Dong Xiaowan became a nun, he was not very sad, but was quiet and free. However, Emperor Shunzhi could not give up and miss him deeper. After she passed away, Shunzhi saw through the world and became a monk. A generation of kings became monks like this. If Dong Xiaowan had not been expelled, then how would the Qing Dynasty continue? Emperor Shunzhi would not become a monk."

This is a legend and is not credible. Please read Dong Xiaowan's entry.

The Eight Beauties of Jinling are the most beautiful, and their fate is closely linked to the emperors and generals. Behind many historical events, many strange and extraordinary behaviors of emperors and generals that are difficult for ordinary people to understand can be found in their fate. Heroes love beauty, and the Eight Beauties of Jinling are extremely beautiful!

1. The character is steep and steadily

(1618-1664). The woman, whose original surname was Yang, her name was Ai, changed her surname to Liu, and her name was Yin, and later changed her name to Rushi, with the name Rushi, and her name was Hedongjun, and also called Miwujun. She was from Shengze Town. She was sold to Shengze’s famous prostitute Xu Fojia as her adopted daughter. She was educated by Xu, and Liu’s poems were good at writing in seven words, and she wrote them in different styles. She wrote them with Yu Shinan, and Zhu Sui’s calligraphy. She was a little older and lived in brothels. In Songjiang, she had an extraordinary talent and beauty. She dated Fushe, Jishe, and Donglin Party members, often wore Confucian men’s clothing, and talked about the current situation with the literati.

, Poetry Singing. In the 14th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1641), the leader of Donglin, Qian Qianyi and Liu Rushi, formed the love between Qin and Jin. The two lived together in Jiangyun Tower, and read books and discussed poetry very happily. Qian jokingly called Liu Rushi "Liu Confucian scholar". When the Ming Dynasty fell, Liu advised Qian to die for his family and chose one of the three ways of death: knife, rope and water. Qian had a difficult face, so Rushi jumped into the lotus pond and sacrificed his life for his attempt. After Qian Qianyi surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, he was suspicious and was expelled back to his hometown and died of depression. The Qian family took the opportunity to force Liu Rushi to seek refuge, and committed suicide.

Liu Rushi was a famous singer who was active in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. She had a strong personality, integrity, intelligence, and great courage. She was no less famous than Li Xiangjun, Bian Yujing and Gu Meisheng. Liu Rushi's name was Rushi, with a small name Miwu, and her real name was Ai Liu. Because she read the poem "Xin Qiji: "I saw that the green mountains are so charming, and I thought that the green mountains would see me," she called herself Rushi; later she was also called "Hedong Jun" and "Miwu Jun".

She was born in Jiaxing in the 50th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. She was smart and studious when she was young. However, due to her poor family, she was robbed and sold to Wujiang as a maid. When she was young, she fell into Zhangtai and changed her name to Liuyin. She traveled between Jiangsu and Zhejiang and Jinling in troubled times. Because she was beautiful and talented, she became a famous princess in Qinhuai. She left behind many anecdotes and stories worthy of praise and literary manuscripts of poems "Crass on the Lake", "Wuyin Zhuo" and letters.

Liu Rushi was once friendly with Zhang Fu and Chen Zilong, the leader of the Southern Ming Fushe, and was in love with Chen, but Chen was unfortunately defeated and died in the anti-Qing uprising. Liu's son-in-law was very demanding, and she didn't like many famous scholars' proposals, and some only stayed in the friendship stage. Finally, when she was over 20 years old in the 14th year of Chongzhen, she married Qian Qianyi, a leader of Donglin who was over 50 years old and famous with a great official. After Qian married Liu, he built the magnificent "Jiangyun Tower" and "Hongdou Hall" for her in Yushan, and the golden house was hidden. The young Liu family gave birth to a daughter. Some people with "Red Studies" believe that the Jiangyunxuan designed by Cao Xueqin was from the Jiangyun Tower of Liu.

When Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself and the Qing army occupied Beijing, Nanjing built a small court of Hongguang. Liu Rushi supported Qian Qianyi as the Minister of Rites of the Southern Ming Dynasty. Soon after the Qing army headed south and when the troops were at the city, Liu advised Qian to join him to join the water and sacrifice his country. Qian was silent. Finally, he walked down the pool and tried the water, saying, "The water is too cold and cannot go down." Liu "was trying to sink into the water of the pool", but he held Qian. So Qian was so arrogant that he surrendered. Qian surrendered to Beijing in the Qing Dynasty, but Liu stayed in Nanjing and did not go. Qian served as a ritual for the Qing Dynasty. The Minister of the Ministry and the Hanlin Bachelor, influenced by Liu, said she had passed away after half a year of illness. Later, due to the case, she was implicated and sued twice. Liu Rushi bribed him to rescue him and was released from prison while he was ill, and encouraged him to contact Zheng Chenggong, Zhang Huangyan, Qu Shisi, Wei Geng, etc. Liu Shi did his best to support and comfort the rebel army against Qing, which all showed her strong patriotic and national integrity. Qian Qianyi's surrender to the Qing Dynasty should have been criticized by later generations, but due to Liu Rushi's righteous behavior, it diluted people's disgust with him.

Yu Dafu recorded Liu Rushi's poem "I heard the room in Spring" in "Yuxia Miscellaneous" by Liu Rushi. In terms of literary and artistic talent, she can be called the "Eight Beauties of Qinhuai". After reading her poems, the famous scholar Chen Yinke "was also dumbfounded" and admired Liu Rushi's "Qing Ci and Beautiful Quotes". Qing people believed that her letters "beautiful than the Six Dynasties, and had deep feelings for Cai". Liu was also proficient in music, had long sleeves and good at dancing, and was also famous for calligraphy and painting. Her paintings were skillful and simple, pure and orderly; her calligraphy was highly praised by later generations, and she called her "iron fist and silver hook, and she once collected the wonderful traces."

After Qian died in 1666, the villagers gathered to seize his property. In order to protect the Qian family's property, Liu committed suicide by knotting a pair of silk. Although the villains were scared away, a generation of talented women ended their lives like this. After Liu died, he was buried in the Foshui Villa in Yushan.

2. Chen Yuanyuan, famous poet of the country

Chen Yuanyuan (1623-1695), whose original surname was Xing, his name was Yuan, and his courtesy name was Fengfen. He was from Wujin, Jiangsu (now Changzhou) in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. He was poor and lived in Suzhou as a prostitute. Later, he was taken as a concubine by the Ming general Wu Sangui. Li Zicheng's army conquered Beijing and was captured. Wu Sangui led the Qing army into the pass, returned to Sangui, and followed him to Yunnan.

Chen Yuanyuan was originally a singing girl from Kunshan and lived in Qinhuai. Because she was extremely beautiful and skilled, she was related to major historical events, so the Qing people included her in the "Eight Beauties of Qinhuai". Chen Yuanyuan's original surname was Xing, with his name Yuanyuan, and his courtesy name was Wanfang. She was young and changed her surname to Chen. She had a beautiful appearance, bright flowers and beautiful snow, and she was good at singing and dancing, and her beauty was the best.

In the late Chongzhen period, Li Zicheng's peasant uprising army was intimidating the court, and Emperor Chongzhen was restless day and night. His relative, Jiading Bo Zhou Kui, wanted to find a beautiful woman for the emperor to relieve the emperor's worries, so he left Tian Concubine Tian's brother Tian Wan to the south of the Yangtze River to find beauty. After Tian Wan found Chen Yuanyuan, he was fascinated by his beauty and took it privately for himself. Soon Li Zicheng's team approached the capital, and Emperor Chongzhen urgently summoned Wu Sangui to settle Shanhaiguan. Tian Wan was worried about the peasant uprising army all day long, so he set up a grand banquet to bid farewell to Wu Sangui.

Yuanyuan led the singing team into the hall to perform. After seeing Yuanyuan, Wu Sangui was so excited that he hugged Yuanyuan and was so happy that he hugged Yuanyuan to accompany him. After the three patrols, the alarm suddenly broke out. Tian Wan came forward in panic and said to Wu, "What will the enemy come?" Wu Sangui said, "If you can give me Yuanyuan's gift, I will protect your family first." Before Tian Wan answered, Wu Sangui took Yuanyuan to say goodbye. Under the persuasion of his father, who was in charge of the imperial camp, Wu Sangui left Yuanyuan in the capital to prevent his peers from causing trouble.

After Li Zicheng entered Beijing, Wu Sangui's father surrendered to the rebel army, and Chen Yuanyuan was looted by Li Zhi's subordinates. When Wu Sangui agreed to surrender to Li Zicheng, he heard that Yuanyuan had been occupied by Li Zhi's generals. Chongguan was furious and shouted, "What can a real man do if he can't protect his family?" So he surrendered to the Qing army and started a war with the peasant army. This is what Wu Meicun said in "Yuanyuan Qu": "The six armies cried and cried and became a beauty when they were mourning."

After Li Zicheng was defeated, he killed Wu's father and 38 people in his family, and then left Beijing and ran away. Wu Sangui chased the peasant army day and night to Shanxi with the revenge of killing his father and taking his wife. At this time, Wu's generals searched for Chen Yuanyuan in the capital, and flew to teleport, and led Wu Sangui to take Chen Yuanyuan from Qin to Sichuan, and then occupied Yunnan alone. Wu's family was appointed as the queen of Yunnan, and wanted to make Yuanyuan the main concubine, Yuanyuan entrusted him to dismiss him. Wu Sangui didn't want to marry him. He framed Wu's beloved concubine and was unjustly killed. Yuanyuan then lived alone in a separate courtyard. After Yuanyuan fell out of favor, he gradually became dismissed with Wu. Wu had conspired to kill her. After Yuanyuan learned about it, he begged to cut her hair and become a nun. From then on, he fled to embroider the Buddha in Huaguo Temple in Wuhua Mountain.

Later, Wu Sangui declared independence in Yunnan. Emperor Kangxi sent troops to Yunnan. In the winter of 1681, Kunming City was broken. After Wu Sangui's death, Chen Yuanyuan also sank in the lotus pond outside the temple and buried on the side of the pond. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were two small shadows of Chen Yuanyuan hidden in the temple, and stone poems were left by the pond.

Three, the beautiful and beautiful Dong Xiaowan

Dong Xiaowan (1624-1651 AD), whose name was Bai and whose pseudonym was Qinglian, was from Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). He was a singer and one of the "Eight Beauties of Qinhuai" and was named Nanjing Jiaofangsi Music Library.

Dong Xiaowan was one of the eight famous Qinhuai beauties in the late Ming Dynasty. Dong Xiaowan, whose name is Bai, is Qinglian, and is also called Qinglian Nushi. Her name and name are both because of her admiration for Li Bai. She is smart and elegant, with beautiful hair, and graceful beauty. She is a first-class figure among the women in the old courtyard of Qinhuai. Her appearance once caused open and secret struggles among a group of famous princes, nobles, gentry and merchants. However, this woman who was wandering in the dust despised the powerful, skillfully dealt with, and was brave to fight. Mao Pijiang, one of the four talented men in the late Ming Dynasty, was full of talent and was suave, and the two fell in love at first sight. Mao Pijiang was handsome and elegant, and was known as the "beautiful boy" and was a talented man in Fushe.

After Xiaowan entered the Mao family, he got along very harmoniously with the Mao family. Ma Gongren (Pijiang's mother) and Su Yuanfang (Pijiang's wife) especially liked Xiaowan, and Xiaowan was also very respectful and obedient, serving them more attentively than maids. In his spare time, Xiaowan and Pijiang often sat in the study room of Huayuan, splashing ink and writing brushes, appreciating flowers and tea, commenting on landscapes, and identifying gold and stones. Xiaowan first entered the Mao family, imitating Zhong Yao's letters and learning Cao'e's stele. He wrote thousands of words every day, both good words and no missing words.

Xiaowan also wrote small regular script fans for relatives and friends on behalf of Pijiang. When she was in Suzhou, Xiaowan had learned to paint for a while and was able to draw small clusters of cold trees, with beautiful and charming brushwork. The "Colorful Butterfly Picture" she painted when she was 15 years old is now collected in the Wuxi Museum. It has Xiaowan's inscriptions, stamps of two squares, and poems with high praise from people. Xiaowan's paintings have been passed down from generation to generation, and this picture is a rare masterpiece. After arriving in Rugao, she maintained her special hobby for painting, and played with new long scrolls or old collections at home.

What impressed Xiaowan is that she lives her trivial daily life in a romantic and beautiful way, and is full of affection. Xiaowan is naturally indifferent and does not like fat and sweet foods. Cooking rice with a small pot of tea and a dish of fragrant soybeans with a dish of water and vegetables is her meal. Pijiang likes to eat sweets, seafood and smoked foods made by wax. Xiaowan is well aware of Pijiang's taste. The food she made for Pijiang is fresh, delicious and diverse. Like siping candy into dew, dozens of flower dew are served in a white porcelain cup after drinking wine. Not to mention tasting it with your mouth, the five colors floating and the strange fragrance is enough to relieve thirst and relieve thirst. In terms of drinking tea, Xiaowan and Pijiang have a common hobby. They often face each other in a pot, silently facing each other under the moon before and under the flowers and moon, and carefully taste the color, fragrance and temperament of the tea.

Xiaowan often studies recipes. Whenever there is a strange flavor, he goes to ask for its making method and uses his own wisdom and skillful hands to make it. Nowadays, people often eat tiger skin meat, that is, gourd meat, which is the invention of Dong Xiaowan. Therefore, it also has a little-known name called "Dong Rou". Although the name of this dish is a bit abrupt, it is in line with "Dongpo Rou". In addition, Xiaowan is also good at making sugar spots. When she was in Qinhuai, she used sesame, fried noodles, malt sugar, pine nuts, peach kernels and sesame oil.

The raw materials are made into cubes that are five centimeters long, three centimeters wide, and one centimeter thick. This cube candy is yellow on the outside and crispy on the inside, sweet but not greasy. It is called "Dong Tang". The current Yangzhou famous spots in fragrant Dong Tang (also called Cunjin Dong Tang), rolled crisp Dong Tang (also called Sesame Candy) and Rugao Shuiminglou Tower Dong Tang are all famous local specialties in the country. It is probably not an exaggeration to some people list Dong Xiaowan and Yi Yin, Yi Ya, Taihe Gong, Shan Zu, Fan Zheng, Liu Niangzi, Song Wusao, Xiao Meiren, and Wang Xiaoyu as the top ten famous chefs in ancient my country.

The moonlight is like water, the most fascinating of Xiaowan. When you enjoy the cool summer night, Xiaowan likes to recite poems about the moon and fireflies and silk fans. In order to appreciate the beauty of the moon, she often moves a few couches as the moon rises and sinks. When she returns indoors in the middle of the night, she still has to open the window and let the moonlight wander between the pillows. When the moon goes west, she rolls up the curtains and looks leaning against the window, reluctantly leaving. She often recites Li He's poem "The moon is drizzling, the waves are smoky and jade". "You and I love to appreciate the bright moonlight throughout the year, and the immortal road and the Zen Pass are opened in tranquility." This is how Xiaowan appreciates the subtle and elegant cultural interests in natural and plain daily life, and pursues the transcendent and clear poetic life in humble life.

Pijiang said that his life's happiness has been enjoyed in the nine years of living with Xiaowan. This happiness also includes sitting in the incense pavilion and savoring the famous incense. Pijiang admires "horizontal" most, which is a kind of agarwood with firm texture and horizontal texture. Xiaowan cherishes the "daughter fragrance" that Dongguan people regard as the best, and they also have a lot of "Penglai fragrance". Pijiang once found a "raw yellow fragrance" with a scent of orchids from Jiangnan. He took one or two pieces for his Guangdong friend Li Suiqiu to appreciate, and Li Suiqiu was amazed. Xiaowan also made more than a hundred incense pills with Western incense recipes obtained from the inner palace. They paid attention to the mood of tasting incense. In the cold night, the jade curtains hung everywhere, lit two or three red candles, burned agarwood in several Xuande furnaces, and watched quietly, as if he had entered the depths of the fragrance of the scent.

4. Chivalrous and brave Li Xiangjun

In the very depraved era of the late Ming Dynasty, most of the court ministers were too numb to feel the situation they were facing and were becoming increasingly troubled by internal and external troubles. However, in the Qinhuai River in Nanjing, in the fragrant and green embroidered buildings, there were a group of women who were very worried about the future of the Ming Dynasty.

Meixiang Tower, located in the middle of Chaoku Street, is one of these embroidery buildings. Its owner, the singer Li Xiangjun, is a household name. In fact, among the eight beauties of Qinhuai at that time, Li Xiangjun's reputation was not as big as Liu Rushi or Chen Yuanyuan. Now, walking in the old alley of Qinhuai, there is only one embroidery building that can be found. This is a two-story embroidery building with narrow stairs and walking footsteps clearly uploaded through the floor slabs. In the autumn of the 12th year of Chongzhen, Hou Fangyu, one of the four princes of Fushe who was famous in all directions, just came to Nanjing from Shangqiu, Henan, and left the upcoming provincial examination and walked directly up the dark red stairs.

That year, Li Xiangjun was just sixteen years old. "I was gentle and delicate, and I was only accompanied by the tortoiseshell banquet. I was shy and had not entered the tent of lotus." She sat in front of the lattice window hanging from the embroidered curtain, looking at the Qinhuai River from afar, waiting for her dream love. When Hou Fangyu suddenly appeared in front of her, she must have felt that the marriage she was looking forward to had arrived. This should have been a period of romance like a talented man and a beautiful woman, but unfortunately she chose the wrong background of the times. With the entry of the Iron Hoof of the Qing Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty building collapsed rapidly. Prince Zhu flew south in a hurry, and in a smoky and silenced to establish the Southern Ming regime in Nanjing.

Ruan Dacheng, the mortal enemy of Fushe, seized this opportunity and walked out of the deep alleys of Jinling. He defected to Ma Shiying, the slander of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and appeared on the front stage of the political stage. Ruan Dacheng was originally a person despised by the Qingliu class, but he still wanted to change his appearance. So he tried to use money to buy Hou Fangyu to achieve his personal political goals. This trick was soon seen through Li Xiangjun, who had known people. She firmly rejected Ruan Dacheng's temptation of money and asked Hou Fangyu to immediately cut off relations with him and draw a clear line. Ruan Dacheng, who was ashamed and angry, revenge with despicable means. Hou Fangyu had no choice but to leave Nanjing with tears, and this short love also hurriedly came to a sad end.

No matter how Hou Fangyu performed later, it should be said that Li Xiangjun was beyond reproach in her love life. Afterwards, she still sighed deeply to her friends in this embroidery building: "Is Mr. Tian different from Mr. Ruan? What do I say to him to praise Mr. Hou? Now I have benefited the gold and went there, and I am selling my son!" The pursuit of love is so steadfast that it happened to a Qinhuai singer, which is rare.

In the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1646 AD), Nanjing fell and the Southern Ming Dynasty became a bubble in history. For Li Xiangjun, the external environment she lived in had undergone earth-shaking changes, and the love she pursued was eventually shattered by Hou Fangyu's return to the north. This famous scholar who was hailed in books as ambition to serve the country and a former official son, Hou Fangyu, did not stick to his political integrity for long. In the eighth year of Shunzhi, he took the imperial examination organized by the Qing Dynasty, and ended again in failure. In love life, he did not meet Li Xiangjun in Qixia Mountain as described in "Peach Blossom Fan". After reading Hou Fangyu's life journey, he should be a very failed person.

In the late spring of the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), the peach blossoms all over the trees had withered and fell red everywhere. Li Xiangjun quietly closed the fan with the poem Hou Fangyu, packed his clothes sadly, and bid farewell to the past. She came to Qixia Mountain alone, and became a monk in a quiet Taoist temple. Historical books say that Li Xiangjun was unknown where to end.

Five, the chivalrous heart is beautiful

Among the famous "Eight Beauties of Qinhuai" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Gu Hengbo was the most prominent one. She was honored as "First-rank Lady", and Liu Rushi and Chen Yuanyuan were also not as good as him; at the same time, she was also the most controversial one--it was said to be a talented man who had a lifelong life with her and died of love because of her unfaithful alliance. Later, her husband Gong Dingzi, who was in danger of being in danger in the evening of the Ming Dynasty, always said to others, "I want to die, but my concubine refuses to do so."

It is like a beauty who is a disaster, either harming people's lives or destroying their reputations. It is very different from the chivalrous and soft heart of the "Eight Beauties of Qinhuai" in most people's impressions, and is very clear about the righteousness. The famous historian Mr. Meng Sen once wrote an article "A Study of Madam Hengbo", and he was very dissatisfied with Gong Gu's character, thinking that both the couple are snobbish and shameless people, and the greedy people. Is Madam Hengbo, who was once known as "the "being respects and loving men, and being a hero in his heart", really so unbearable?

Gu Hengbo was born in 1619. His real name was Gu Meisheng, also known as Gu Meisheng, also known as Hengbo, and Zhizhu, Shancaijun, and also known as Meisheng. He was known as "Madam Hengbo". After marriage, he changed his name to Xu Shanchi, a native of Shangyuan (now Nanjing). According to the "Banqiao Miscellaneous Notes", Gu Hengbo was "sweet and elegant, with outstanding temperament. His hair was like clouds and his face was full of peach blossoms; his bow was curved and his waist was light and light." She was well-versed in literature and history, and was skilled in poetry and painting. The landscapes she painted were natural and beautiful, especially the painting of orchids. She painted "Orchid" at the age of seventeen.

The fan of Flower Picture is now hidden in the Palace Museum. At the age of 18, he participated in the "Orchid Society" where Zheng Yuanxun, a famous Yangzhou scholar, joined the "Orchid Society" in Nanjing with Li Xiangjun, Wang Yue and others. People at that time pursued Ma Shouzhen with his painting style (i.e. Ma Xianglan, who was born earlier, was also one of the eight beauties of Qinhuai, and was a well-known female painter in the Ming Dynasty, and was very good at painting orchids). He was better than him and was recommended as the number one in the Southern Song. (Nan Song, generally refers to famous prostitutes in Jiangnan who did not sell their skills) and also had a good musical music and had a cross-dressing drama with young actors and Dong Xiaowan to perform "The West Tower" and "Grave the Son".

Gu Hengbo lives in Meilou, "Embroidered in the window, toothpicks and jade shafts, piled up several tables; Yaoqin, brocade, furnished on the left and right, cigarette smoke scattered, and the eaves were martined." People at that time called "Milou" - some people said that "Milou" refers to Gu Hengbo's charming style, and visitors are fascinated, which is actually a meaning of hope. "Milou" was originally a villa built in Yangzhou during the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui. Because it is "wrinkled and deep, attics staggered, curtains hidden, connected to each other, like a traveling immortal", it is called "Milou".

Lou" is jokingly called "Meilou". Yu Huai, the initiator, was a talented man in Jiangnan. At that time, he was in love with Hengbo. What he said should be a compliment, referring to the ingenious construction of "Meilou" and its unique layout. It is imitated by the fairyland. As soon as this reputation came out, it went without a path and was widely used. Gu Hengbo's personality is generous and unruly, with a manly style. He is more similar to Liu Rushi among the eight beauties of Qinhuai. People at that time called him "Brother Mei", which is quite similar to Liu Rushi's self-proclaimed "brother". However, compared with Liu, he is more willful and jealous.

According to legend, the Neo-Confucianist Huang Daozhou (later died in Jiangxi when he fought against the Qing Dynasty), once claimed that he had "there was a prostitute in his eyes but no prostitute in his heart". Donglin Zhusheng asked Hengbo to go to his clothes while he was drunk to try whether he really had the ability of Liu Xiahui. This rumor may not be complete, but it reflects the style of Gu Hengbo not taking secular ethics in the eyes of people at that time. Her style of doing things by herself and not caring about the world's vision is probably because she was able to go with the talented man Gong of Jiangzuo later.

The main reason why the tripod is a life of fate and the three lives of flying together is also the result of this personality. Gu Hengbo is both talented and beautiful, and is known as the "First of Southern Song", so he is naturally popular among famous scholars. As a result, Meilou is crowded with people and almost every day of feasting. Those who often invite banquets to Meilou call "Melou Guest", which has become a symbol of elegance. Many literary banquets in the south of the Yangtze River often regret Gu Meisheng's absence.

Six, Long Zhai Embroidered Buddha Bian Yujing

Bian Yujing was famous, also known as Saisai. Because she later came from the name of "Yujing Taoist", she was commonly known as Yujing. She was born in a family of officials in Qinhuai. She was a sister. Because her father died early, the two became singers. Bian Saisi was omnipotent in calligraphy and painting. She was particularly good at small regular script and was also familiar with literature and history. Her painting skills were skillful, and she wrote like a cloud of strokes. "After a stroke, she had more than ten papers" liked to paint graceful painting styles, and was especially good at painting orchids. At the age of 18, she traveled to Wumen and lived in Huqiu, and traveled between Qinhuai and Suzhou. She was a famous singer in Qinhuai in the late Ming and early Qing dynasty. Bian Saisi was usually not good at communicating with guests, but if she met a beautiful woman and had a close friend, she would talk like a cloud, which was fascinating.

Bian Sai once had a marriage with Wu Meicun, a famous poet in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In the spring of the 14th year of Chongzhen, Wu Meicun gave away his brother Wu Zhiyan on the Shengchu Tower outside the Shuixi Gate of Nanjing to serve as the prefect of Chengdu. Here he met the sisters Bian Sai who came to see Wu Zhiyan off. Seeing Bian Sai's noble and unconventional temperament, he couldn't help but think of two lines of poetry circulating in Jiangnan: "Wine in the wine bar and find Chen Yuan from the bottom of the flower." During the meal, Wu met Bian again

Sai's literary talent tried, which made Wu fall in love with him. Later, the two dated frequently and their relationship became deeper. Later, Wu got a book by Bian at his residence in Changganli, and knew that Bian wanted to marry him, and he felt very conflicted. When Wu heard the news, Tian Wan, the brother of Emperor Chongzhen's favorite concubine, came to Jinling to choose a concubine recently and had already taken a fancy to Chen Yuanyuan, Bian Sai and others. Wu became timid in front of the powerful uncle, and only played a few songs at Bian Sai's residence and left sadly.

Two years later, Bian Sai married a prince. Because he was unsatisfied, he worshipped his maid Rourou and begged him to beg him to become a female Taoist priest in Suzhou. He relied on Zheng Baoyu, a famous doctor in his 70s, and Zheng Zhuan's palace was built. Bian Sai Changzhai embroidered Buddha and recited the precepts very strictly. In order to repay Zheng's kindness, he spent three years writing the "Lotus Sutra" for Zheng's tongue-tips.

At this time, Wu Meicun became an official in the Qing Dynasty and was in a depressed mood. One day in the seventh year of Shunzhi, Bian Sai saw the four poems of Wu's "The Old Qin River" at Qian Qianyi's home, and only then did he know Wu's longing for her. A few months later, the two finally met in Taicang. Bian Sai played the piano for Wu. Wu was deeply moved and wrote "Listen to the Female Taoist Bian Yujing Playing the Piano Song" to present it. The poem reveals the scene of Bian in the past ten years and points out the "cold and silent strings" of Yujing in Yujing, who went to Jiangnan. Bian Sai later lived in seclusion in Huishan, Wuxi, and died of illness more than ten years later. He was buried in Jinshu Forest of Dituan Temple, Huishan.

Seven, Fengliu female hero Kou Baimen

Kou Baimen's name is Mei, and his courtesy name is Baimen. He was one of the eight beauties of Qinhuai in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. "Banqiao Miscellaneous Notes" says: Baimen is graceful and quiet and beautiful; ups and downs, can dig songs, is good at painting orchids, knowing each other and chanting rhymes, but it is easy to learn. It is because Baimen is simple and not smooth that her tragedy in marriage and love is determined.

In the late spring of the 15th year of Chongzhen, Zhu Guobi, a prominent hero, came to Kou's house in Chaoku Street with the support of his servants. After several interactions, Baimen left a good impression on him. He was gentle and polite, gentle and friendly, so he agreed immediately when Zhu proposed marriage. That autumn night, 17-year-old Kou Baimen climbed into the sedan chair with heavy makeup. The musicians in Jinling in the Ming Dynasty must be held at night, which was the custom at that time. In order to show his majesty and grandeur, Zhu Guobi specially sent 5,000 soldiers holding red lights to start from Wuding Bridge and stood in the inner bridge Zhu Mansion. The grand occasion was unprecedented and became the largest wedding scene in Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Guobi was actually a sleek and cunning bureaucrat. It was a temporary need for him to marry Kou Baimen. A few months later, his ruthlessness gradually became exposed. He threw Kou aside and still rode between Liuxiang in Zhangtai. In 1645, the Qing army went south. Zhu Guobi surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, soon entered the capital, and was placed under house arrest by the Qing court. Zhu wanted to sell the singer's maid, including Kou Baimen, to Zhu Yun: "If you sell your concubine, you will get it.

But hundreds of gold... If I were to return south, I would get ten thousand gold in one month to repay the government." After thinking about it, Zhu agreed. Kou Baimen returned to Jinling with a short garment and horse with his maid Dou'er. Kou raised 20,000 taels of silver with the help of his sisters in the old courtyard to redeem Zhu Guobi. At this time, Zhu wanted to realize his good dream again, but was rejected by Kou. She said: "You used silver to redeem me from the family, and now I will redeem you with the silver." As a matter of settlement.

After Kou returned to Jinling, he was called a female hero. She "built a garden pavilion, made guests, and went back to literati and poets every day. When she was drunk, she sang and cried, and she also lamented the late curtain of beauty and lamented the falling red beans." Later, she came from a filial and honest man from Yangzhou, but she was unhappy to return to Jinling. Finally, she died of illness after falling into the literary world. Qian Qianyi, the leader of Donglin who was prided at the time, wrote a poem "Kou Baimen" to memorialize: "The sisters of the Kou family are always fragrant. For eighteen years, the flower letters are mysterious. Today, Qinhuai is afraid that they will be with him, so she should prevent him from getting red tears. The red pinks are filled with your kindness. Who knows that the female heroes know that Kou Baimen? The loess is covered with coffin and the heart is not dead, and a wisp of fragrant balls is the soul."

Eight, talented Ma Xianglan

Ma Xianglan (1548-1604) can be called a female poet and painter of the Ming Dynasty. According to "Qinhuai Guangji", her name was Shouzhen, her name was Xianglan, her name was Xuan'er, and her name was Yuejiao. Because she ranked fourth in her home, she was known as "Si Niang". She was smart and good at poetry and painting, and was especially good at painting orchids and bamboos, so she was known as "Xianglan". Although she was not outstanding in appearance, she "like an ordinary person's head", but "the expression was clear and clean, as clean as spring willows and early orioles, she spoke words and looked forward to others' wishes."

Ma's painting skills were very good. Cao Xueqin's grandfather Cao Yin wrote poems for "Ma Xianglan's long scroll painting" three times in succession, with a total of 7 sentences, which were recorded in Cao Yin's "Dongting Collection". In "The History of Paintings of Paintings of All Dynasties", her painting skills were evaluated as "the orchid imitation Zigu, and the bamboo method Zhongji can all inherit its rhyme". The fine calligraphy and paintings of the Forbidden City in Beijing were also mixed with Ma's orchid albums, which shone uniquely. Her paintings have always been regarded as treasures abroad. In literature, Ma is also quite talented and has written two volumes of poems "Xianglan Zichuang" and the script of "Three Lives Biography". Ma's versatile, is also good at music, is good at singing and dancing, and can write and direct dramas by himself. The opera troupes she teaches in the teaching workshop can perform the "West Chamber Notes" and follow her skilled masters to get the true teachings.
Chapter completed!