Xia Wanchun (1631-1647), also known as Fu, his name is Cungu, his nickname is Xiaoyin, and his nickname is Lingshou (also known as Lingxu), his nickname is Duange, a poet of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and a patriotic hero. He is from Huating County, Songjiang Prefecture, Ming Dynasty (now Songjiang, Shanghai), and lives in the west garden of the county town. Wanchun’s father Xia Yunyi was a famous scholar in Jiangnan and founded several society with Wanchun’s teacher Chen Zilong. Xia Wanchun was influenced by his father and was determined to be loyal and righteous, and advocated fame and integrity. He was talented and premature. He read the classics and history at the age of 5. At that time, Chen Jiru wrote a poem to praise: "The body is brave, the eyes are passed, the essence is talked about, and the five-year-old son is able to do it." At the age of 7, he can

Poetry and essays were written by "Daimu Ji" at the age of 9. Yun Yi traveled far away and often brought Wanchun by his side, allowing him to experience mountains and rivers and contact heroes in the world. From Chen Zilong as his teacher, he was also known by Zhang Pu, the leader of Fushe, who was deeply influenced by the two of them in terms of integrity in articles. When he was young, he had great ambitions. By the age of eleven or two, he had "proudly written books, and he had a thousand words for writing, like a gushing spring; when he talked about military and national affairs, he was sure of it." Once he asked his father-in-law Qian Yuan: "The world situation is like this today, I don't know what my father-in-law value? What books do I read?" The father-in-law was shocked and had no way to answer for a moment.

In the 16th year of Chongzhen (1643), he and his friends from the same county, Du Dengchun and others organized the "Southwest Delivery Club" (later changed to "Qihe"), and became the successor of "Jihe". The following spring, the peasant uprising army swept the north, and Wanchun called himself "Jizuo Youth" and wrote a letter to Kun, his hometown, asking for the righteous army to contribute to the emperor.

In the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1645), the Qing army went to Jiangnan. In the 15th year of Wanchun, he followed his father and his army to fight against the Qing Dynasty in Songjiang. After the failure, Xia Yunyi jumped into the water and died. He followed Chen Zilong to contact the Taihu Rebel Army, and advised Wu Yi, the leader of the Rebel Army, to continue to engage in anti-Qing and restoring the Ming Dynasty. Before that, the Taihu Rebel Army was surrounded and eliminated. Wanchun was swam away from danger. The will of Rebel Army was unwavering. Because of his grief, he wrote the "Great Sorrow Fu". His literary talent was grand and sad, and everyone who saw it was sighing and admiring.

In the spring of the fourth year of Shunzhi, the King of Lu of Ming Dynasty granted Xia Yunyi the title of "Wenzhong" Gong and appointed Wanchun as the Minister of the Secretariat from afar. Wanchun wrote a Xie Biao, and together with the list of dozens of Ming men who were restoring the Qing Dynasty, he handed over to Xie Yaowen, a scholar who was specializing in communicating with the sea, and sent him to Zhoushan to present him with the King of Lu. Xie was waiting for a boat in Hanque, but was captured by the Qing soldiers and sent him to the admiral Wu Shengzhao to prison. Later, Wu Shengzhao failed to fight against the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing authorities received Xie Biao and others from the letter. Therefore, the governor of Nanjing, Hong Chengchou, followed the will of the Qing regent, strictly arrested Xia Wanchun and others according to the list, and must catch them all.

Wanchun was at Jiashan's father-in-law's house. He was blocked from traveling west secretly and returned to Songjiang. He decided to cross the sea to King Lu, and then made a big move. Unfortunately, he was arrested by the Qing authorities at the end of June and was transferred to Nanjing for trial. He passed through Xilin Mountain (i.e. Chenshan), remembering his teacher Chen Zilong, he wrote a poem "Crying at Night in Xilin" to express his condolences. The boat passed through Wujiang, and wrote a poem "Crying at Night in Wujiang" to mourn Wu Yi.

He was taken to Nanjing, and Hong Chengchou personally interrogated and persuaded surrender, saying, "How can a boy know? How can he be called a rebellious soldier? He fell into the middle of a thief! He surrendered without losing his official position." Wan Chun stood up and did not kneel down, pretending not to know that the interrogation official was Hong Chengchou, and replied loudly: "I heard that Mr. Hengjiu (Hong Chengchou's name is a master of this dynasty. The battle of Songshan and Xingshan was in the battle of Zhangqu. The previous emperor was shocked and praised and moved the Chinese and foreigners. I always admired his loyalty and wiseness. Although I was young, I killed myself to serve the country. How could I do that?

You can let it go!" When the left and right officers told him that the "master" in the hall was Hong Chengchou, Wanchun said even more sternly: "Mr. Hengjiu has been dead for a long time, and everyone in the world has heard of it. He once sacrificed to seven altars. The emperor came in person, and tears filled the dragon's face and the ministers were sobbing. How dare you plead with your name to defile your loyalty and soul!" Hong Chengchou was so angry that he took it away and had no words to respond. At that time, Qian Bai was also arrested and his will was depressed. Wanchun encouraged him and said, "Now, I will go to the Lord with you now."

Isn't it a great man to ask about death generously to see Mr. Chen underground?" Isn't it a great man?" The money was in the evening. He talked and laughed calmly in prison. From being arrested to prison, he wrote a poem called "Nan Guancao". They were all works of loving the world and hurting the time, and were mourning the dead. They were generous and sad, and passed down through the ages. Following the collection of political comments written by his father, "Continued Survival Records" to analyze the reasons for the defeat of the Hongguang Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and have a great understanding. For example, "The politics of the Nandu is smaller and smaller, and the territory is even smaller.

, the greater the official position; the fewer counties, the greater the official position; the poorer the wealth, the richer the official position. This is called the Three Rebellions. The Three Rebellions, the Wuhu will not perish?" Therefore, Guo Moruo exclaimed, "Wanchun is not only a poet, but is actually a talent for preparing good historians." On September 19, he was taken to the post. He was executed but did not kneel down, and his expression remained unchanged. He was only 17 years old. After his death, his friend Du Dengchun and Shen Yuxiao collected the remains and buried next to Xia Yunyi's tomb in Dangwan Village.

In his short life, Xia Wanchun wrote 12 fu, 337 poems in each style, 41 lyrics, 4 songs, and 12 essays. His early works before the age of 15 were influenced by the ancientism and had relatively thin content. For example, poems such as "Britain House" and "Rising Willows" describe the life of You Ye, "Wake up and waking up with brocade sleeves, singing in the restaurant after getting drunk", reflecting his ideological limitations as a noble son. However, after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he joined the rebel army in the Qing Dynasty, and his poems and essays were completely changed. It is manifested as: ① No longer focusing on the ancients as the main theme, but facing life and facing reality. For example, poems such as "Writing in the Army", "Military Banquet", "River City", "Avoiding the Place", "Cuihua Pian", "Small Grass in Prison", "Self-Narration", "Self-Narration", etc., "Self-Narration", As well as continuing the "Survival Records" written by his father, it records the historical facts of the fall of the country in Jiangnan and his struggle against the Qing Dynasty. The narrative and lyricism are all about life.② Shows the high passion for the War of Resistance and the firm national integrity. After he joined the army, he "swept with frost, raised his collar and short clothes, prepared for the hardships of the world, and the injustice of the loyal ministers." He wrote the "Great Sorrow Fu" with blood and tears, criticized the ill-defeating policies of the Ming Dynasty, analyzed the causes of the national destruction, described the war experience of "the group of rods and woods prospered, and the wind and clouds were full; the army in June was promoted to boost the sharpness of the nine heavens", and expressed the ambition of restoring the country with "the world shines heavily, and the sun and the moon were suspended", and had a lofty ideological realm. The same ideological connotation is also seen in "Yi Shui Song", "Bo Langsha Song", and "Nanyue Xing" Sending people to Fujian", "Inscription on the Wall of Caoxi," and "Batu"; and in the "Nanguancao" written after his arrest, there was a greater progress. For example, "Farewell to the Clouds" writes: "It is known that the spring road is close, and it is difficult to part with my hometown. On the day of the return of the spirit flag, look at the sky", "Send to the Inner": "Jiuyuan should be with you, take care of your body" and other sentences are full of ambitions and pride of sacrifice for the country and treating death as if you are home. ③ Although he suffered hardships, he finally suffered failures, his works showed an upbeat and optimistic spirit. For example, the poem "Sorrowing Yanjing" reads: "The air of Zhongshan on the wind and clouds, watching the bull fight at night stands at the revival." The article in "The Essence of the Tushishi" also says: "Ah, family enemies have not been repaid, and the achievements have not been achieved. With ambitions and aspirations have flowed through the ages. This life is gone, the next life For a long time, the righteousness will not be extinguished; the nine heavens and eight appearances will be perfect, and the heroic spirit will be perfect." Full of the belief in reviving the hometown. ④ Express your thoughts directly, without any craftsmanship, forming a simple, straightforward, cheerful, generous and tragic creative style, which has produced a huge artistic appeal. For example, his poem "Crying in the fine forest" by his mourning teacher Chen Zilong: "Last year, the drum sound of Pingling died, and he crossed the Wujiang River with Gong. This year, the dream broke the nine peaks of clouds, and the flags still reflected the purple mountains in the evening." "Ah, the river clouds opened, and the net was in the net and don't be sad. Gonghu Gonghu built a room for me at night, and the frost and cold moon came to work ascetics." The sincere fighting friendship is extremely touching. As Chen Jun commented in "Preface to the Complete Works of Xia Jiemin": "Therefore, his loyalty and courageousness were published as an article, which was nothing more than a bit of blue blood."

Xia Wanchun's works were first compiled into "Yufantang Collection", "Inner History Collection", "Nan Guancao", "Sustainable Survival Records". In the 55th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1790), Wu Shenglan compiled it into "Xia Neishi Collection", which was quite omitted. In the 12th year of Jiaqing (1807), Wang Chang and Zhuang Shiluo compiled it into the relatively complete "Xia Jiemin Complete Works", with 14 volumes. In 1959, the Shanghai Editorial Office of Zhonghua Book Company revised it and compiled it into "Xia Wanchun Collection", which is a relatively complete version today.

Poems include:

Don't know the clouds

Three years of being detained, today I am again in Nanzhao.

Infinite tears in the mountains, who says the world is wide?

It is known that the spring road is close, and it is difficult to leave my hometown.

On the day of Yipo’s return, the spiritual flag is seen in the air.

Just now

What is the ultimate love between Chu? The destruction of Qin has not yet calmed down.

The wind is clear and the horns are strong, and the sunset is bright.

Whiteness rewards the country, and spears and ships conquer life and death!

Hu Zuo has eternal regret, and a moon is coming to the city.

Quatrain (one of four firsts)

The boat is bright and the moon is bright among the two peaks, and thousands of hectares of reed flowers have not returned;

The misty and vastness are unreachable, and the white clouds are empty and green. Dongting Mountain is green.

Jingwei

The north wind sways the world, and birds sing in the sky.

The ambition is long and the wings are short, and the holding of the stone is floating and rising.

The mountains are rising day by day, and the sea is falling day by day.

I am ashamed of not compensating the sky, and I extend my neck and shake my sad voice.

Who is generous to work hard?

The waves are surging, and labor has become ancient and modern.

Bu Suanzi

The autumn scenery reaches the empty bedroom, and the leaves of the sycamore tree are sweeping at night. Who would have thought that the knot of one heart could not be formed, and the knot of lovesickness would be turned on.

On the twelve jade railings, the wind is filled with lights. When the dusk is over, tears are gone, and a crow cries the moon.

Brahmin Guide-End of Spring Night

The crow flew away, and a flower shadow sent to the dusk. The spring return does not block the door. I bid farewell to the south of the Yangtze River. Where can I dream warm? Before the steps, the new green is locked in the fragrance of dust.

The clouds sway with the wind. There is no need for orchid paddles and red wheels. Only on the branches of the sycamore tree, leaving three points. They are passionate and beautiful, afraid of tomorrow night, and still have the same marks of hairpin. Looking up at the tower, the willows are enchanting.

Translation of Xia Wanchun's "Letter to Lady"

lady:

You and I have been married for three months, and we encountered a major change (referring to leaving our wife because of the Qing Dynasty), which actually implicated you and had to rely on others to take care of you. (Previously) you have never felt happy or sad because of the prosperity of our Xia family or the decline. Although the relationship between you and me is a perfect match, (you and I are about to separate), how can we compare? Virtuous, peaceful, harmonious, and filial, and having these qualities have been difficult since ancient times (and you have them). What is sad is that now I (face the situation of the country being destroyed and the family being destroyed) have to go to the national crisis. After I die, you must live. Because there are two old people above and a young girl below. Who can I entrust to the elderly and raise children? But what is the point of my advice to you to live well? The barren fields are full of grass; it turns out that it is the husband singing. The good couple whom you follow, now they are people from a different world separated by yin and yang. (You) a young man has lost his husband, but you are only eighteen years old; the sea is flowing, and it is time for the world to change again (Note 1). How can you rely on to make a living alone? It is sad! Speaking of this, my heart is broken, holding the pen, my heart is sore, and I can only cry at the paper; I want to write but I can't write a word, and I want to say but I want to say but I want to say but I want to die but I'm going to die! My heart is already confused! I always give advice for others and can talk freely. Today I want to think about you (the future arrangements and plans) and my thoughts are like scattered and numb (there is no clue). The things after my death can only be handled by you. I can't say anything, I can't say anything! Let's put aside my pen!
Chapter completed!