Smooth soft fish, cephala, supraceae. Conical shape of the body. There is no membrane outside the eye socket. The shallow acupoints in the front of the funnel sink do not have longitudinal folds or edge capsules, and are completely smooth. The fin angle is about 30°, the two fins are slightly rhombus-shaped, and the length of the flesh fin is about 1/3 of the length of the body. The length of the sesquinless wrist is generally 3?2?4?1, 2 rows of suction cups, the keratin ring has a large pointed teeth, and there are more than 10 kilograms of semicircular teeth. The fourth pair of wrist stems on the right or left side of the male. The middle suction cup is 4 rows of suction cups in the middle, and the middle large suction cup corners

The ring has kilogram semicircular teeth, with 8 rows of small suction cups on the top. The inner shell is horny and narrow. The maximum carcass length is 0.35m and the maximum weight is 1kg. It is distributed in the 25°n-60°n-water area in the western Atlantic Ocean, as well as the northeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean. It was once an extremely important fishery resource in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Its highest annual output reached 180,000 tons in the late 1970s. Due to the decline of resources, the output in 2000 was less than 10,000 tons. It is available for fresh food and can also make dry products [1].

Morphological characteristics

Smooth and soft fish

Smooth and soft fish

The carcass is about 30 cm long. There is a longitudinal black band on the back of the carcass. The fins are wide and the eyeballs are exposed. The large suction cup horn ring of the tentacles has sharp teeth and the base edge of the wrist is smooth.

The body is conical, with a narrow back, and the body length is about 5 times the width of the body. The outer muscles are strong, and the body surface has nearly circular pigment spots of size and size. The funnel sinking does not have longitudinal folds, nor has edge capsules, and is completely smooth. The two fins are slightly cross-shaped, with short fins, and length is about 1/3 of the length of the body. The fins are wider than the length of the fin, and the single fin angle is 40°-50°, which is mostly about 45°. The middle suction cups in the center of the tentacle pierced, with 4 rows of suction cups in the middle, with 8 rows of small suction cups in the fingers, and 2 rows of small suction cups in the wrist bone; the inner horn ring in the middle has kilograms of semicircular teeth. The length of each wrist is slightly different, and the wrist type is generally 3?2?4?1, and 2 rows of suction cups. The inner horn ring has 1 large pointed teeth, and there are more than 10 square horn teeth around. [2]

Origin period

It is distributed in the 25°-60°n waters in the western Atlantic Ocean and the northeastern waters of the Atlantic Ocean, including Greenland, Iceland, Newfoundland, Ireland, Nova Scotia Peninsula, Bermuda, Bahamas and the Gulf of Mexico. The squids born in winter grow rapidly from summer to winter, and the distribution area expands to the south. Their squid life span is about 1 year. The peak period is from July to September.

Life habits

Oceanic shallow sea species, inhabiting the surface of the water to 1000m, but changes seasonally. Smoothfish conducts long-distance north-south migration. In the early summer, the juvenile body is warm and the high-salt bait flows northward from the deep waters in the southern region, and stays in the frontal areas with very rich small crustaceans for a long time. After sexual maturity, mating in northern waters, male and female individuals travel southward for reproductive migration, and many females lay eggs, but the mating activities of male and females do not end in the southern waters. Adults also migrate nearshore, but mainly for bait search. In horizontal migration, due to the influence of cold water mass or the pursuit of feeding, Smoothfish also engages vertical activities from a few hundred meters deep to the upper layer and from a few hundred meters deep to a few hundred meters deep. [2]

The larvae mainly feeds on invertebrates, among which the ratio of krill is the largest. As the carcass grows, the ratio of fish feeding gradually increases. The ratio of invertebrates feeding gradually decreases. However, soft fish account for a large proportion of stomach contents in large individuals, which shows that the phenomenon of similar residual diet is particularly obvious in adults. [2]

Hake, Cod family, Hake family, and several types of large seafood. Due to the different skeleton characteristics of the skull and ribs, it is sometimes used as an independent family (Hake family). It has a long body, a large head, a large teeth and a pointed teeth. There are two dorsal fins, and the second dorsal fin is long, with shallow concave engravings near the middle. The anal fin is also long and concave engravings. The ventral fin is anterior position. Before the pectoral fin, it is a carnivorous fish with fast swimming speed.

Gadidae (Gadidae) Hake (merlotia) is a collective name for several large seafood fish. Due to the different skeleton characteristics of the skull and ribs, it is sometimes used as an independent family (merlotiae (merlotiae)). It has a long body, a large head, a large teeth and a pointed teeth. It has two dorsal fins. The second dorsal fin is long, with shallow concave engravings near the middle. The anal fin is also long and concave engravings. The ventral fin is front, before the pectoral fin. It is a carnivorous fish with fast swimming speed. Although the meat is soft, it is edible. It is produced on both sides of the North and South Atlantic Oceans and along the coast of the Eastern Pacific and New Zealand. The species include: European and Mediterranean Cod (Mermois, 1.1 meters long [3.5 feet]), double-line hake (m.linea) in the Atlantic Ocean and Cape hake (m.apen privates) in South Africa. In eastern North America, Hake also refers to several seafood edible fish that are close to hake but belong to the genus urophyis. These fish are characterized by slender pelvic fins and a small whisker on the palate. Economically valuable species in this genus include white umbilical cod (u.tenuis) and red umbilical cod (u.huss).

Mackerel, also known in Japanese as: あじ (アジ), also known as horse mackerel. It is widely distributed in coastal areas of my country, coastal areas of North Korea, Japan and other waters. This fish is a middle-upper migratory fish that swims quickly, likes to gather in groups, and has the characteristics of light gale.

Horse mackerel, serpentine, sub-order serpentine. All lateral lines are ridges

The body is thick and slightly flat, spindle-shaped, generally 20-40 cm long, weighs 150-400 grams, with a large head, a thin tip that looks like a conical shape, large eyes, large mouth, and equal length of upper and lower jaws, each with a row of fine teeth, plow bones and span bones, the body is covered with small round scales, the body is blue-black or dark blue, there are irregular dark blue insect erosion patterns above the horizontal line of the pectoral fin on both sides of the body, the abdomen is white and slightly yellow, the two dorsal fins are far apart, the first dorsal fin 9-10 spines, the second dorsal fin and anal fin are opposite, and there are 5 small fins at the back; the caudal fin is dark forked, and there are two raised ridges on both sides of the base; the pectoral fin is light black, the anal fin is light pink, and the other fins are light yellow.

Morphological characteristics

Dorsal fin 1, 8, 1-30~33; anal fin 2, 1-26~30; pectoral fin 20~21; ventral fin i-5; caudal fin 17. There are ridge scales on the lateral line 68~71. Body spindle-shaped and side-flat; the body length is 3.6~4.3 times the body height, 3.8~4.2 times the head length. The head length is medium-large. The head length is 3.1~3.8 times the length, and the eye diameter is 3.4~4.0 times. Kiss cone. Lipid eyelids Developed, the front reaches the front edge of the eye, the posterior edge of the pupil slightly forward. The mouth is large, the mouth is tilted, and the anterior maxilla can stretch and contract. The posterior end of the maxillary is truncated, reaching the bottom of the front edge of the pupil. There is a row of fine teeth on the upper and lower jaws, the group of plow bones is arrow-shaped, and there are slender dental bands in the palatal bone and the center of the tongue surface. The gill hole is large. Gill cover strips 7. Gill rakes 13~16+36~40. There are false gills. The body is covered with round scales. It is easy to fall off, and the head is removed from the kiss and the eye septum. The front is covered with scales, and the body and the **** have scales. The lateral line is slightly straight from the starting point to the beginning of the second dorsal fin. The slope is very large, obliquely downward, but it starts below the 7-9 fin and the tail base to become straight. The lateral line is covered with scales, 68-71. The ridge scales are high and strong, and are connected to a distinct raised ridge in the straight part. The first dorsal fin has an forward lying spine and an 8-fin spine. There is a membrane connected between the spines. The second dorsal fin has L-fin spines, 30-33 fins. The anal fin is the same shape as the second dorsal fin, with 1 fin spines and 26-30 fins. There are 2 short spines in front. Pectoral fins are sickle-shaped, ventral fin short, and chest-positioned. Caudal fin fork-shaped. Pylor blind sac is long, about a dozen. The spine is 10+14. The dorsal fin is green and yellow, the abdomen is silver, and there is a distinct black spot on the back of the gill cover. Each fin is green. [1]

Life habits

In order to go back and forth, a migratory fish between the middle layer of the ocean and the sea, the body shape is mostly streamlined, and the body color is the same as other surface fish. The upper and lower colors are different, the back is dark green, which is confused with the sea water from the top, and the abdomen is silver-white, looking up from the sea, and the same color as the reflection on the water surface, thus forming a protective color that escapes the attacks of large rewinding fish such as tuna.

Distribution range Edit

Horse mackerel is distributed in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. It has now become one of the world's main fishing species, with three major groups: the western North Pacific horse mackerel, which can be caught in the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in my country;

Atlantic horse mackerel is a coastal cluster of Hahara, Mauritania and Senegal in South Africa and West Africa; Chilean horse mackerel is also called Southeast Pacific horse mackerel. It has an elongated cylindrical body. Compared with the East my country Sea horse mackerel, its body is thin and long.

It is distributed in the Peru and Chilean waters in the southeast Pacific (7-50° south latitude), but it is mainly in the Chilean waters and has a large amount of resources in the high seas outside the Chilean economic zone.

The Southeast Pacific horse mackerel has abundant reserves, and according to data, it is about 30 million to 35 million tons. In 1995, the

The fishing area caught 4.95 million tons of horse mackerel, reaching the highest level in history, ranking second only after the sardines in the fishing area. Chilean horse mackerel is mainly a catch in Chile's domestic economic zone, followed by ocean fishing in the high seas. In the 1980s, ocean fleets of the former Soviet Union, Cuba, Bulgaria, Japan and South Korea mainly caught horse mackerel here. Later, due to the disintegration of the former Soviet Union and many economic factors, the above countries withdrew one after another.

Economic Value

Horse mackerel is a fish with high economic value. Its main products are frozen fish, fish segments, canned food, fish meal, fish oil, etc. Chile and Peru caught a large amount of fishing during the strong development of fishing, and then transported back to the port for land processing plants to process fish meal, fish oil and canned food. Most of its red fish meal is produced by horse mackerel. Most of the frozen horse mackerel caught and processed by ocean fishing boats operating offshore in my country are sold to Africa, and a small part enters the EU.

Although the market price of bamboo lemon fish is not high, it is full of high-unsaturated fatty acids and has nutrients such as pha2877mg, epa927mg and other nutrients. It can prevent hypertension and brain stroke. The operators process it into fish pine, fish balls or flower branch balls, and use bamboo lemon fish lemon, fish balls and scallop sauce.

Nutrition

Horse mackerel has high protein content, rich heme content, medium fat content, and also contains more calcium, zinc, iron and vitamin A

, e et al. There is a misunderstanding in people, as if the less fat the fish contains, the better. Scientific experiments show that intake of appropriate fish fat is beneficial to people's health. The reason why the middle and front part of the abdomen melts in the mouth is because this part of the fat content is high. Like tuna, horse mackerel contains two unsaturated fatty acids that have health benefits.

Dietary therapy value

Although the market price is not high, it is full of high-unsaturated fatty acids and has nutrients such as pha2877mg, epa927mg and other nutrients. It can prevent hypertension and brain stroke. The operators process it into fish pine, fish balls or flower branch balls, and use bamboo fish pine, fish balls and scallop sauce.

Horse mackerel has high protein content, rich heme content, medium fat content, and also contains more calcium, zinc, iron, vitamins a, e, etc. In order to survive, people have a misunderstanding, it seems that the less fat the fish contains, the better. Scientific experiments have shown that intake of appropriate fish fat is beneficial to people's health.

Like tuna, horse mackerel contains two unsaturated fatty acids that have health-care effects. DHA is called brain gold, which is an essential nutrient for the development of the human brain and central nervous system. Regular consumption is conducive to the regeneration of brain cells, improve memory, is conducive to the brain development of infants and young children, and prevents Alzheimer's disease.

The traditional Chinese method is to pickle salty products, then fry, steam, and rice with wine. Fry, roast, and smoke. Frozen horse mackerel is also more common. Frozen horse mackerel is processed into canned products, which is quite competitive due to the low price. The value of the industrial development of the horse mackerel is emerging day by day, and we are preparing to develop canned products for the can.

Japanese people process horse mackerel into sashimi to eat. Secondly, they cut the slices and remove the thorns, apply the seasonings, and then roast them in a oven, cut them into pieces, which are cooked on the outside and tender on the inside, and have a variety of flavors. They put them on the plate or serve them in lunch boxes. The wage earners think it is economical and affordable.

Nigeria in West Africa is relatively backward in economy and is a fish-eating country in Africa. On the streets of Lagos, in the inland jungle towns, Nigerians often use barbecue to eat horse mackerel in the yellow night and drink local cocoa wine. Black brothers seem to be leisurely and comfortable. Nigeria in West Africa is relatively backward in economy and is an African fish-eating country. On the streets of Lagos, in the inland jungle towns, Nigerians often use barbecue to eat horse mackerel in the yellow night and drink local cocoa wine. Black brothers also seem to be leisurely and comfortable.
Chapter completed!