Zheji Island (called Zheji Island in Japan / ㈨きふとう, Russia is called Iturupu Island / ostrovitu pisland), a disputed island in Japan and Russia, with an area of ​​square kilometers, is the largest volcanic island in the Kuril Islands. ←, Japan's administrative division is divided into the Nemu branch office, which is currently actually controlled by Russia.

Geographical environmentEdit

Location area

Zhad Island is one of the four largest islands in the South Kuril Islands.

The Kuril Islands are located between the Kamchatka Peninsula and Hokkaido. The four islands of Chiba, Sedan, Guohou and Zecha are called the four islands in the north in Japan. [1-2]

Zezha Island is located in the northernmost part of the South Kuril Islands, with a north latitude of 45°3′53″, 147°50′25″ east longitude, 40 kilometers from Defu Island in the northeast, and 20 kilometers wide in the southwest, facing Guohou Island. Zezha Island is the largest island in the Kuril Islands, with a length of 214 kilometers, a width of 27 kilometers, and an area of ​​square kilometers.

The main city is Sana. Before World War II, it was the fifth largest island in Japan except Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku and Hokkaido. [1-2]

Topography

The island is composed of multiple groups of volcanoes. The highest peak is the main peak of Bogati Ridge (Бoгatыpь, which means hero in the Russian; it is called Single Kung Mountain in Japan), with an altitude of 1,634 meters. It is a large duplex volcano. There are at least 12 peaks over 1,000 meters, such as the northernmost Kamiyaki (1,322 meters above sea level), the Maoshirotsu (1,124 meters above sea level) on the southern side of Kamiyaki, the scattered mountain on the scattered peninsula extending northward (1,587 meters above sea level) and the scattered mountain on the scattered peninsula (1,561 meters above sea level), and the scattered mountain on the central island (1,587 meters above sea level) and the scattered mountain on the scattered peninsula (1,561 meters above sea level), and the scattered mountain on the central island (Groz, Russia, is called Groz, Russia, and the scattered mountain on the scattered peninsula (1,587 meters above sea level) and the scattered mountain on the scattered peninsula (1,561 meters above sea level) and the scattered mountain on the scattered peninsula (1,561 meters above sea level) and the scattered mountain on the scattered peninsula (1,587 meters above sea level) and the scattered mountain on the scattered peninsula (1,561 meters above sea level) and the scattered mountain on the central island (1,561 meters above sea level) and the scattered mountain on the scattered mountain on the scattered peninsula (1,561 meters above sea level) and the scattered mountain on the

Mount Ni, Гpo3hыn, means "strong", with an altitude of 1211 meters), Mount Engen, the northernmost end of Bogati Ridge (1425 meters above sea level), Adenzo Mountain extends northwest toward the west side of Bogati Ridge (1206 meters above sea level), Belutalube Mountain (Бepytapy6e, with an altitude of 1221 meters). In addition, Zheji Island has multiple bays, with the east and west sides of Bogati Ridge being Danguan Bay and Utasudu Bay (on the east side of Adenzo Mountain), and Naibo Bay on the west side of Adenzo Mountain. There is also a bay made of craters in the southwest of the island, with an opening facing north and a diameter of about 7 kilometers. The highest altitude of the volcanic wall is 402 meters.

Climate characteristics

The winds of Zhacha Island are strong in winter, weak in summer, and thick fog. Forests are rich in bears and red foxes. The coniferous and broad-leaved species on Zhacha Island are mainly larch, cedar, spruce and fir. The broad-leaved species are mainly oak, maple, elliptical, birch, alder, and willows, as well as Thousand Island bamboo and a variety of vines. The island is bordered by the southeast bank of the Pacific Ocean. The temperature is lower than that of the northwest bank of the Okhotsk Sea, and it is foggy. Therefore, the climate on the northwest bank is better and there are more vegetation types. In addition, there are many rivers on the island, up to 24 kilometers long. There are also many lakes, the largest of which is Demobe Lake, located in the Demobe Crater in the southwest, with a diameter of up to 3 kilometers.

population

The statistics in 2010 were 2,070 residents, with the largest population in the 1930s, with more than 00 people. The population of Zecha Island was 6,739 in 2006. In 2007, the total population on the island was 6,387.

Resource Edit

Before World War II, fish farms were one of the largest fish farms in the world. In addition, there was a rhenium mine on the island, which mainly existed in the form of res2 and was the first rhenium mine discovered. Rhenium can be used in aero engine heat-resistant alloys. Therefore, the island's strategic status and economic development value are very important, and there is a whaling base. The main city is Sana.

TransportationEdit

Due to its natural deep water port,

There are about a dozen bays where large ships can be moored along the coast, and large fleets can hide here. In addition to the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island, they have mastered the sea line traffic from the Pacific Ocean to the Kamchatka Peninsula and blocked the military facilities in the Russian coastal Krai.

In 2010, Russia began to build a new airport in Redev (penдoвo; known as Beefy Village in Japan) near Kurilsk. During the Japanese occupation period, near the Liube Village in the southeast of the island, there was currently the only airport on the island, Haiyan Airport (БypeвecthnkАэpoпopt; known as Tenning Airport in Japan), with the code name of Iata as bvv.i Jiao code name uhsb. The airport runway is 80 meters long and 32 meters wide, with 4 flights per week with Sakhalin Island. However, it is often grounded due to weather reasons; there is also a parallel abandoned runway on the northeast side, which is 1,200 meters long and 70 meters wide.

HistoryEdit

"New Book of Tang Dynasty: Biography of Muhe" records that there is a Simu tribe in the northwest of Heishui. Walk northward for 10 days to reach Junli tribe, and then northeast for 10 days to reach the Kokhai tribe. Walk southeast for 10 days to reach Moyeji tribe, which is Moyemi tribe. The end point is Liugui Kingdom. After this route departs from Sakhalin Island, it sails southeast along the current while taking advantage of the northwest wind. After reaching Zechataka Island, it turns northeast and then to the southern end of the Kamchatka Peninsula. It is 918 nautical miles (more than 1,700 kilometers) in 15 days. It shows that the Marine tribe in Sakhalin Island had mastered the counterclockwise current law of the Okhotsk Sea in the Tang Dynasty, and opened up this large arc route that went from northwest to southeast and then to northeast.

In 1794, the Russian Empire sent 38 exiles and 20 hunters to Defu Island to settle down and establish an immigration site.

In 1799, after learning about this, the Tokugawa shogunate reclaimed the East Hokkiel and the South Kuril Islands from Matsumaeba, and ordered the Fushuya Kabukie, who had an official background, to open 17 fishing grounds on the island, and sent shogunate officials to station on the island and establish administrative organizations.

Since 1801, the shogunate sent 100 troops from the southern vassals and the Tsugushima to garrison Zega Island. In the same year, officials were sent to Defushima to inform Russia of immigrants, strictly prohibiting trade, and setting the mark of "the great Japanese island forever".

From 1805 to 1813, Russia continued to harass Japan on the Kuril Islands. This period was called the "Eight Years of the Northern Knights" in Japanese history. Later, on February 7, 1855, Japan and Russia finally reached a compromise on the demarcation of the Kuril Islands. The two sides used the Zha Island (Japan) and Defu Island (Russia) as the boundary. This was also the basis for Japan's request for the Southern Kuril Islands (the so-called "Four Northern Islands") 100 years later;

In 1855, the two countries signed the "Japan-Russia Peace and Friendship Treaty", which agreed to choose to capture islands belong to Japan, and Japan successively set up administrative divisions;

In 1941, during World War II, the troops led by Tadaichi Nagamoto set out to assemble at Danguan Bay on the south bank of this island. The Pearl Harbor incident was launched, which detonated the United States to participate in the war;

At the end of August and early September 1945, the Soviet Union launched the August storm military operation before the end of World War II and occupied the Zecha Island. To this day, the effective dominance of Zecha Island is still Russia;

The San Francisco peace treaty signed in 1951 agreed that Japan would give up the peace treaty against Portsmouth in 1905, and the Soviet Union did not sign the peace treaty. The Japanese parliament also abolished the resolution to abandon the peace treaty and the Shige Island in February 1956.

dispute

The Ezha Island is essentially governed by Sakhalin Prefecture. For a long time, Russia and Japan have been controversial about the sovereignty of the four islands. This has led to the failure to sign a peace treaty as the basis of bilateral relations so far.

In 1956, Russia only recognized that the ownership of Chiwu Island and Setan Island was controversial, while the Guohou and Seda Island belonged to the Soviet side. Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov and President **** had successively announced that Russia could return Chiwu Island and Setan Island in the Southern Kuril Islands to Japan according to the Joint Declaration signed by the Soviet Union in 1956 to resolve the territorial dispute between the two countries. Although Russia has a great dispute over this and does not agree to return the two islands; Japan still stated that "the government's position on territorial issues has not changed, and it is not clear that the ownership of the four northern islands will not be signed with Russia."

In 2003, President **** instructed the construction of the airport. This was the first airport to be built in Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union.[9]

Since 2007, Russia has begun to build a new airport on the side near the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.[9]

In July 2009, the Japanese parliament passed the amendment to the "Special Measures for Promoting the Resolution of Northern Territories and Other Issues", which for the first time stipulated the four northern islands as Japan's "inherent territory". Immediately, the Russian Federation Commission issued a statement saying that Japan's move was an "insult to the Russian people." The two countries' resolution of territorial disputes continued, and the military exercise was regarded as the territorial friction between the two countries' again heating up.

In 2010, in 2012, Russia's then-President and current Prime Minister Medvedev visited the South Kuril Islands twice, triggering a strong backlash on Japan, and Russia said it would continue to inspect the disputed islands. Currently, there are about 10,000 Russian troops stationed on the four northern islands.

On February 19, 2013, Japanese cabinet chief Yukio Ekino took a plane to inspect the "Four Northern Islands" that Japan claims to have sovereignty. After the inspection, he will also visit Nemuro City, which is closest to the "Four Northern Islands", to hold talks with islanders and local government officials to listen to their opinions and requests.

On February 26, 2013, Russian Defense Minister Serdukov said that the 18th Machine Gun Artillery Division of the Russian Army will be stationed in Kuogo Island and Zha Island in the Southern Kuril Islands (called the Four Northern Islands in Japan). At the same time, the number of troops will be reduced and the actual combat capability will be improved.

The purpose of Serdukov's trip was to study how to integrate the military forces and military facilities deployment in the Kuril Islands, Vladivostok, Sakhalin and Kamchatka areas. Serdukov also revealed that the first "Yuri Dorgoruki"-class strategic nuclear submarine, the first "Yuri Dorgoruki" of Russia's latest "North Wind" class strategic nuclear submarine will be delivered to the Pacific Fleet, and the nuclear submarine will be equipped with Russia's new "Brava" intercontinental ballistic missile.

At the G8 summit held in Canada on June 26, 2014, Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan also held his first talks with Russian President Medvedev. Naoto Kan said on the issue of northern territories, "This is not a problem that cannot be solved. As long as both sides are willing, they can explore a win-win solution."

On June 29, 2014, Russia conducted a large-scale military exercise on the northern territory of Selected Island.

On July 5, 2014, the Japanese side conducted a formal diplomatic protest during the Russian military exercise. Japan told the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs through the Embassy in Russia, "According to Japanese laws, the northern territory belongs to Japanese territory, and we cannot accept military exercises here, and we deeply regret that this." And we hope to suspend the exercise immediately.

Russia said, "According to Russian laws, the northern territory belongs to our territory and we cannot stop the exercise. The purpose of the exercise is to combat terrorists, drugs and international crimes, not to target a certain country."

Russia's military exercise called "Oriental 2010" was participated by 20,000 soldiers. Among them, more than 1,500 soldiers and 200 military vehicles were carried out on the northern territory of Zhacha Island.

On July 7, 2014, the chief Japanese cabinet secretary, Sengu, stated by people that they did not want to choose to capture islands to affect Japan-Russia relations.

On September 17, 2014, the new Zheji Island Airport in the disputed four northern islands in Russia and Japan (called the Southern Kuril Islands in Russia) was officially opened. Officials from the Sakhalin Prefecture Government of Russia took a special plane to attend the opening ceremony. The new airport has a 00-meter runway that can be used for medium-sized jet passenger planes to take off and land. It is reported that the existing Zheji Island airport is often suspended near the Pacific coast where heavy fog is frequent.

On September 22, 2014, Russia held its inauguration ceremony on the new airport built by the disputed island of Zhaga Island in Japan and Russia (called Iturupo Island) and the first flight from Russia's Nam Sakhalinsk (the capital of Sakhalin Prefecture) arrived at the new airport. The airport had been built during the Japanese rule, but heavy fog weather caused frequent suspensions. The airport's runway is about 2,000 meters long, and large aircraft can take off and land here. The airport will have regular flight connections with Khabarovsk, Vladivostok and other countries in the Far East of Russia. Japanese media said that Russia's strengthening of actual jurisdiction over the disputed islands may cause protests in Japan and have a negative impact on Japan-Russia relations.

In recent years, the Russian government has built airports, harbors and roads on Guohou Island and Zecha Island to improve the weak infrastructure of the four northern islands. Guohou Island has basically completed wind power stations and other construction projects this summer, striving to achieve self-sufficiency in energy. Analysts said that Russia's move will strengthen its control over the four northern islands and will be opposed by Japan.
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